WHAT IS IT? AN OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEMS
TO ENROLL DIRECTLY IN THE HEALTH STUDIES PROGRAM (MMOP) IN THE 2ND OR 3RD YEAR
The application process is online at
It must be completed using the University of Montpellier’s blue eCandidat application.
This Passerelles admissions information page is updated by February 1 of each year:
For the 2026 Passerelles admissions cycle, the website was updated on 02/01/26
Please carefully read all the information and documents available on this site before contacting the Registrar's Office.
We will not respond to any questions for which the answer is already available on the website.
Procedure
Compiling the Application Package - Application
All the necessary information is included in the documents available for download below. Please read them VERY CAREFULLY.
Assistance with putting together the application:
Regulatory texts:
I am applying for:
Contacts
* To apply for the Passerelle program in MEDICINE in Montpellier-Nîmes
Faculty of Medicine
Undergraduate and Graduate Admissions Office – Transfer Admissions
641, avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* To apply for the Passerelle program in MAIEUTICS in Montpellier-Nîmes
Faculty of Medicine
Department of Maieutics – Passerelle Admissions
641, avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* To apply for the Passerelle program in DENTISTRY in Montpellier
Faculty of Dentistry
Academic Affairs Office – Passerelle Admissions
545 Avenue du Professeur Jean Louis Viala
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* To apply for the Pharmacy Bridge Program in Montpellier
Faculty of Pharmacy
Academic Affairs Office – Bridge Program Admissions
15 avenue Charles Flahault
BP 14491
34093 Montpellier cedex 5
Contact
Composition and Rationale of the Jury
Accommodation Capacity
2026:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 25 spots, X applicants, X admitted / Midwifery— 6 spots, X applicants, X admitted / Dentistry— 6 spots, X applicants, X admitted / Pharmacy— 13 spots, X applicants, X admitted
University of Montpellier MMOP Admission Decisions for 2026–2027
2025:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 25 spots, 140 applicants, 25 admitted / Midwifery— 6 spots, 30 applicants, 6 admitted / Dentistry— 6 spots, 106 applicants, 6 admitted / Pharmacy— 11 spots, 106applicants, 11 admitted
2024:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 25 spots, 143 applicants, 25 admitted / Midwifery— 6 spots, 24 applicants, 6 admitted / Dentistry— 6 spots, 63 applicants, 6 admitted / Pharmacy— 11 spots, 89 applicants, 11 admitted
2023:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 25 spots, 131 applicants, 25 admitted / Midwifery— 4 spots, 32 applicants, 4 admitted / Dentistry— 6 spots , 42 applicants, 6 admitted / Pharmacy— 11 spots, 44 applicants, 11 admitted
2022:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 25 spots, 109 applicants, 25 admitted / Midwifery— 4 spots, 23 applicants, 4 admitted / Dentistry— 6 spots, 37 applicants, 6 admitted / Pharmacy— 12 spots, 31 applicants, 10 admitted
2021:
2ndand3rdyears: Medicine— 16 spots, 116 applicants, 16 admitted / Dentistry— 2 spots, 40 applicants, 2 admitted / Pharmacy— 4 spots, 29 applicants, 4 admitted / Midwifery— 2 spots, 13 applicants, 2 admitted
Results
Please find below the eligibility and admission results for the 2026 Passerelle process for the 2026–2027 academic year.
Special Considerations - Medical School Admissions
Please take the time to read the information and advice below, which is intended to help you learn more about this very special program. It is based on the experiences of former students who were admitted through the transfer program tothe 2nd or3rd year of medical school at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine.
1. Medical school is a full-time program
It is not possible to pursue another activity (training or employment) at the same time. Depending on your situation, however, certain forms of financial aid may be available:
– CROUS
– FSDIE
– CESP
2. The annual administrative registration fee at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine depends on your status:
3. Hospital rotations are mandatory every day; no exceptions are allowed
At the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine, clinical rotations begin in the second year (nursing rotation, clinical signs and symptoms rotations).
4. Students admitted to the bridge program in medicine often have gaps in their knowledge in areas such as anatomy, physiology (etc.), which can make it difficult to understand other coursework as well as to complete their first hospital rotations. These difficulties are more pronounced for students entering directly intothe third year of medical school. To address these potential gaps, certain elective course units or training programs may be required depending on your prior academic background.
5. Given these difficulties, we must not overlook the fact that it is not uncommon for students to experience a “setback” (repeating a grade). In such cases, an additional year of study—with its personal and financial consequences—must be taken into account.
6. Important Dates:
ATTENTION: Please note that if you are admitted tothe 2nd or3rd year of the medical program at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine, you will be assigned to one of the two UFR Medicine campuses (Montpellier or Nîmes) based on available capacity; this decision is final and cannot be appealed.
Rest assured that we are committed to keeping you informed and providing you with the best possible support throughout this process.
Special Features - Admission to the Maieutics Program
Please take the time to read the information and advice below, which is intended to provide you with a better understanding of the Maieutics program. This information is based on the experiences of former students who were admitted through the transfer program intothe 2nd or3rd year of the Maieutics program at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine.
1. The maieutics program is a full-time program It is not possible to pursue another activity (training or employment) at the same time. Depending on your situation, take the time to thoroughly research any financial aid you may be eligible for.
2. The annual amount of the administrative registration fee for the Department of Midwifery at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine depends on your status:
3. Hospital rotations are mandatory every day; no exceptions are allowed
They begin in the second year.
Your medical records and vaccination history must be up to date: Vaccination Guidelines
4. Students admitted to the bridging program in midwifery may have gaps in their knowledge in areas such as anatomy, physiology (etc.), which may make it difficult to understand other coursework as well as to complete their first hospital internships. These difficulties are more pronounced for students entering directly intothe third year of the midwifery program. To address these potential gaps, certain elective course units or training programs may be required depending on your prior academic background.
5. Given these difficulties, we must not overlook the fact that it is not uncommon for students to experience a “setback” (repeating a grade). In such cases, an additional year of study—with its personal and financial consequences—must be taken into account.
6. Important dates:
ATTENTION: Please note that if you are admitted tothe 2nd or3rd year of the obstetrics and gynecology program at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine, you will be assigned—based on available capacity—to one of the two campuses of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology within the School of Medicine (Montpellier or Nîmes); this decision is final and cannot be appealed.
Rest assured that we are committed to keeping you informed and providing you with the best possible support throughout this process.
Special Features - Admission to the Dentistry Program
Please take the time to read the information and advice below, which is intended to help you learn more about this program.
1. The annual administrative registration fee at the Montpellier School of Dentistry depends on your status:
Additional teaching materials to be provided: for the DFGSO, known as the “Dental Kit,” the current costs of which will be communicated by the administrative offices.
2. Pedagogy:
3. Administrative:
Special Considerations - Pharmacy Admissions
Please take the time to read the information and tips below, which are intended to help you make more informed decisions.
It is not possible to engage in another activity (training or employment) at the same time.
Depending on your situation, you may be eligible for certain forms of financial aid: CROUS ; FSDIE ; CESP
Admission to the School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences at the University of Montpellier depends on your status:
Attendance at lectures and participation in all lab and tutorial sessions are mandatory.
For your information, please review the Regulations Governing Instruction, Academic Studies, and Examinations (R3E) for the 2025–2026 academic year.
In the Pharmacy Department, internships begin in the second year (DFGSP2) with a 4-week pharmacy internship.
In thethird year (DFGSP3), this will be a 2-week thematic internship.
Administrative registration:
Students who have been admitted by the Passerelle Committee must register in person at the registration office located within the School of Pharmacy. Before doing so, they must schedule an appointment via Smartagenda. (Further details will be provided at a later date on the school’s website.)
You must complete your administrative registration as soon as possible (registration opens in early July) and no later than mid-July in order to access your Digital Workspace (ENT) and receive our informational emails.
Meeting / Back-to-School:
A mandatory orientation meeting for Passerelles students with the administration team will take place in July (the exact date and time will be sent directly by email to registered applicants).
The start of the academic year (beginning of classes) for second- and third-year students will take place during the last week of August (specific dates will be announced later on the faculty’s website).
Vaccinations:
Vaccinations are required, just as they are for all health care students.
Rest assured that we are committed to keeping you informed and providing you with the best possible support throughout the process.
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER
Students at the ADV – MONTPELLIER and NÎMES campuses who are considering changing their major at the end of the first semester or at the end of the year must submit the duly completed program change form to the Registrar’s Office of the UFR Medicine, either in December–January or in June–July.
Transfer Services
Pascale ANDRÉ
FROM ONE UNIVERSITY TO ANOTHER
Students at the ADV – MONTPELLIER and NÎMES campuses who are planning to leave the university at the end of the first semester or at the end of the PASS year should inquire about enrollment procedures at the host university. They must then submit the completed transfer request form to the Registrar’s Office of the School of Medicine, either in December–January or in June–July.
Transfer Services
Pascale ANDRÉ
Changes in academic departments between the PASS and the DFGSM2 are not permitted due to the enrollment capacity limits for DFGSM 2 set by the University.
The transfer application process is available only to students enrolled in medical school in France.
It is explained in detail in this leaflet. Please read it carefully.
Applications must be submitted electronically (as a single PDF file) between February 1 and April 10 of each year (deadline for receipt of applications).
Download the transfer request form
The Transfer Committee meets once a year in late April or early May.
Requests to switch sites between Nîmes and Montpellier—and vice versa—are not permitted.
Pursuant to the order of December 13, 2019, regarding an exemption from studies
Updated on October 29, 2025
Applications should be sent by email to the Espace Campus France (ECF) in the country of study
Only applications submitted by the ECF will be reviewed
Applications sent directly to universities will not be considered
Please carefully read all the information and documents available on this site before contacting the Registrar's Office.
We will not respond to any questions for which the answer is already available on the website.
This procedure applies to individuals who hold a degree in Medicine, Obstetrics, Dentistry, or Pharmacy (MMOP) OR who have completed all or part of the studies required to obtain these degrees in a country other than a member state of the European Union, another state party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, the Swiss Confederation, or the Principality of Andorra, and who wish to enroll in health-related studies with a view to receiving an exemption from certain coursework.
Procedure
Application
Eligibility/Admission
Exemption from Academic Requirements
Compiling the Application Package - Application
Regulatory Texts :
The application package sent to the ECF must include the documents listed below, preferably in this order :
AID
To help you with your search if you are in France, go directly to page 405 and look for the language in which the document is written; click on it, and a new page will open with contact information:
👉 Find a certified translator – Service-Public.fr
French Language Proficiency Level :
The TCF is the only test officially recognized for assessing language proficiency, except in cases of exemption listed in the appendix below. The reason for the exemption must be indicated in the application, along with the required supporting documents.
To register for a TCF session, you must visit the France Éducation International website: https://www3.france-education-international.fr/LF/TCF/inscription/
Cases in Which Submission of the Application to the ECF Is Waived :
The complete application package (consisting of all the documents listed above) must be sent directly to the institution via email Click here.
Contacts
* For more information on the MEDICINE program in Montpellier-Nîmes
School of Medicine
Undergraduate and Graduate Admissions Office – MMOP Applications from Non-EEA Countries
641 Avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* For more information on the MAIEUTICS program in Montpellier-Nîmes:
Faculty of Medicine:
Department of Maieutics – MMOP applications from outside the EEA:
641, avenue Doyen Gaston Giraud
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* For more information about the DENTISTRY program in Montpellier
School of Dentistry
Admissions Office – MMOP Applications from Non-EEA Countries
545 Avenue du Professeur Jean Louis Viala
34090 Montpellier
Contact
* For more information on the PHARMACY program in Montpellier
Faculty of Pharmacy
Admissions Office – MMOP Applications from Non-EEA Countries
15 avenue Charles Flahault
BP 14491
34093 Montpellier cedex 5
Contact
Composition, jury expectations, and specific requirements regarding eligible degrees
Accommodation Capacity
| Medicine | 7 |
| Maieutics | 1 |
| Dentistry | 2 |
| Pharmacy | 1 |
Results
Please find below the results for the first and second rounds of the MMOP application process for candidates from outside the EEA:
Marie-Anne GILLAIN was born in 1773 in Montreuil, near Versailles.
She was sent to boarding school with the Sisters of the Visitation.
During the Revolution, she took refuge in Etampes with a relative who was the mother superior of the Hospitalières de l’Hôtel-Dieu.
There she attended the surgeon’s lectures and served for two and a half years, from 1793 to 1796, as a hospital volunteer—that is, as a layperson who volunteered her services to the poor and sick.
In 1797, she returned to Versailles to marry Louis BOIVIN, deputy head of the National Domains office.
She became pregnant early on, but was suddenly widowed in 1798 at the age of 25, left without any means of support and with a young daughter to raise.
She then decided to put to use the knowledge she had gained from the surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu in Étampes and enrolled in the Midwifery School at the Maternity Hospital in 1799.
In 1800, she graduated and left for Versailles to be reunited with her daughter and pursue her career.
In 1801, following the death of her daughter, she obtained permission from Marie-Louise Lachapelle to return to the Maternity Hospice
In 1803, she was appointed chief supervisor of the breastfeeding section. She held this position for eleven years, until 1814. During this long tenure, she took the opportunity to attend the lectures of her patron, the surgeons at the Maternity Hospital (Baudelocque, then Dubois), and the chief physicians (Andry, and especially Chaussier), from whom she gathered observations and lessons.
In 1812, she wrote and published *A Treatise on the Art of Childbirth*. The work was approved by the Ministry of the Interior, which included it among the textbooks given to graduates of the Maternity School.
In 1814, the position of supervisor that she held was eliminated, and she was dismissed with a severance payment equal to her annual salary, or 360 francs.
Starting in October, she was hired as a storekeeper and steward at the Poissy General Hospital, a position she held until January 1819, when the General Hospital was converted into a prison.
Little is known about this period of her life: Did she continue her obstetric practice despite her new, more administrative duties? Did she do so at the general hospital? Or with a private clientele? In any case, for a time she appears to have earned a comfortable annual salary of 1,200 francs—almost as much as the head midwife at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1818, she entered the Paris Medical Society’s competition anonymously, submitting a paper on internal uterine hemorrhages. She was awarded the medal.
On February1, 1819, she joined the Maison Royale de Santé in Paris as chief supervising midwife, with a modest salary of 350 francs per year.
In 1821, an opportunity for promotion arose following the death of Marie-Louise Lachapelle.
According to procedure, the General Council of the Hospices must submit to the Minister of the Interior a list of five female candidates to succeed the renowned midwife.
On November 14, 1821, the Council voted to approve a list with Marie-Anne Boivin at the top; she received 12 out of 12 votes in the first round of voting to select the top candidate.
A month and a half later, the Minister of the Interior endorsed the Council’s decision.
But the winner declined the position (or rather, resigned), forcing the board to propose another list. Why the refusal? All contemporary biographers attribute this decision to a public promise Marie-Anne Boivin is said to have made to her former patron never to replace her, even after her death. If that is the case, she kept her word, and another midwife, Madeleine Catherine Legrand, was appointed in 1822.
Marie-Anne Boivin therefore continued to practice at the Maison Royale de Santé, where she accumulated observations, publications, and honors.
In 1828, she presented a paper on spontaneous abortions, which was awarded a prize by the Bordeaux Medical Society.
In September 1835, at the age of 62, worn out and exhausted, she retired and urged the hospice board to grant her a pension. Finally, after suffering a first stroke that left her hemiplegic, she died in May 1841.
In 1902, one of the rooms in the renovated maternity ward was named after Marie-Anne Boivin.
She was born in 1563 on Boulevard Saint-Germain or in Mons to a family of doctors.
In 1594, she married Martin BOURSIER, a master surgeon and student of Ambroise PARÉ.
She finds herself without any means of support when her husband is enlisted in the king's army.
She quickly gained a reputation among the ladies of the court and delivered the queen's children six times.
She is paid 500 crowns for the birth of a boy and 300 for the birth of a girl.
It lost its prominence following the death of Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, wife of Gaston d’Orléans, at the time of the birth of the Grande Mademoiselle.
According to the surgeons who performed the autopsy on the woman who had given birth, her death was attributed to placental debris remaining in the uterus, and Louise Bourgeois was subsequently accused of negligence.
At that time, there were few male obstetricians practicing, and they were trying to gain the upper hand over the midwives' guild.
Louise questions their competence by harshly criticizing the autopsy findings and the skills of the obstetricians; however, her response has the opposite effect of what she intended, as it ends up giving them publicity.
She was the first midwife to write a book on obstetrics, *Various Observations on Infertility, Miscarriage, Fertility, Childbirth, and Diseases of Women and Newborns*, published in 1609.
In this book, she points out that infertility in a couple can be caused by the man, even though—like the doctors of that era—she confuses the ability to procreate with sexual vigor.
She identified the role of malnutrition in fetal health, and she was the first to prescribe iron supplements to treat anemia.
She emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge for midwives and urges doctors to allow them to attend lectures and dissection sessions.
In 1636, the Parisian midwives submitted a petition to the Faculty of Medicine requesting that Louise Bourgeois be allowed to teach them obstetrics, but their request was denied.
Subsequently, however, one of her students, Marguerite du Tertre de la Marche, was appointed head of the midwives at the Hôtel-Dieu and succeeded in overhauling their training program.
She died on December 20, 1636, on Boulevard Saint-Germain at the age of 73.
He was born on November 30, 1745, in Heilly, Picardy.
He was the son of Jean Baptiste BAUDELOCQUE, a surgeon, and Anne Marguerite LEVASSEUR. His brothers Félix Honoré (1744–1794) and Jean Baptiste (1749–1800) were both doctors. He was the third of ten children.
It was his father who introduced him to surgery in the countryside of Picardy.
He completed his studies in Paris at the Hôpital de la Charité, where a renowned professor of obstetrics, Solayrès de Renhac (1737–1772), was on staff.
In 1772, following Solayrès’s untimely death at the age of 35, he collected the manuscripts of his lectures and succeeded him as professor of obstetrics at the Hôpital de la Charité. Thanks to Baudelocque, Solayrès’s work was saved from oblivion.
In 1775, at the initiative of Augier du FOT, a surgeon and childbirth instructor in Soissons, he published—based on manuscripts bequeathed by Solayrès de RENHAC—the first edition of a manual intended for the training of midwives. This work was later republished under his name alone, under the title“Principles of the Art of Childbirth: Questions and Answers for Student Midwives.” It was reprinted three times during Baudelocque’s lifetime and three more times posthumously.
In 1776, following the defense of his dissertation on symphysotomy, titled“An in partu propter angustiam pelvis impossibili, symphysis ossium secanda?”, he was appointed surgeon at the Hôpital de la Charité in Paris and was awarded the title of Master of Surgery by the Paris College of Surgery.
On April 5 or 6, 1777, in Paris, he married Andrée DERULLIER (née de Vulier, de Voulier, de Rullie, or de Rouillier), whose family made mannequins of pregnant women for demonstrations in childbirth classes; she died on January 4, 1787, childless.
In 1781 and 1789, he published the first two editions of his scholarly treatise*The Art of Childbirth* in two volumes. He became famous for his forceps, his practice of cesarean sections, and the invention of the pelvimeter, which measures the external anteroposterior diameter to identify patients who might experience difficulties during childbirth.
On September 14, 1788, in Amiens, he married Marie Catherine Rose Laurent; the couple had five children (three daughters and two sons).
During the French Revolution, the guilds and faculties were abolished. Hospitals lost some of their staff and funding. Baudelocque, however, managed to build a reputation as an obstetrician thanks to a clientele in the city and private obstetrics classes.
In 1794, the former Faculty of Medicine was replaced by the École centrale de Santé de Paris, where he was responsible for teaching medical students and midwives.
In October 1795, the Hospice de la Maternité took in poor women and unwed mothers to assist them during childbirth and provided clinical training for midwives and doctors from the École de Santé.
In addition, this facility also takes in abandoned children.
In 1798, Baudelocque, in addition to his position as professor of obstetrics at the Paris School of Public Health, became chief surgeon at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1802, the Hospice de la Maternité school was founded, where Baudelocque put his teaching skills to use, employing mannequins to allow students to practice examinations and obstetric procedures. He emphasized observation over active intervention, preferring to let nature take its course and using instruments as little as possible.
Busy with his many responsibilities, he delegated part of his authority to the head midwife of the Maternity Ward, Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1769–1821), who took on part of the training of the midwifery students and was authorized to use forceps on her own in the event of a difficult delivery.
He was involved in a high-profile lawsuit brought against him by an obstetrician, Jean François SACOMBE, a fierce opponent of cesarean sections and a defender of traditional midwifery practices. Sacombe, who had set himself up as a defender of midwives and accused Baudelocque of infanticide, ultimately lost his case in 1804 and, in the process, any sense of proportion.
In 1806, Napoleon appointed Jean-Louis Baudelocque to the chair of obstetrics, the first medical specialty chair in France.
He became the obstetrician to the queens of Spain, Holland, and Naples, as well as to all the ladies of the court.
He had been chosen and selected in advance to deliver the heir awaited by Napoleon and Empress Marie-Louise of Austria. But, struck down by a cerebral hemorrhage, he would not live to see the birth of the King of Rome.
He died on May 2 or 3, 1810, at 16 Rue Jacob in Paris (6th arrondissement), where he lived, at the age of 65.
He was buried at the Vaugirard West Cemetery, then exhumed due to land acquisition for the construction of what is now Boulevard Pasteur.
He was then buried on August 17, 1839, at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (45thdivision).
He was the most famous obstetrician of his time.
A physician at the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, he would lend his name to the Baudelocque Clinic in 1890.
In 1966, the Port-Royal Maternity Hospital was built. The two facilities merged in 1993 (14th arrondissement of Paris).
There is now a midwifery school on Avenue Denfert-Rochereau that bears her name.
He was born on July 2, 1746, in Dijon, in the parish of Saint Pierre.
His father was a master glazier.
After completing his training at the Dijon hospital, his mother sent him to Paris to continue his medical studies, and he enrolled at the Royal College of Surgery, where he attended classes regularly from 1765 to 1767 and took anatomy courses taught by Raphaël SABATIER and Jean-Joseph SUE.
At the same time, he was learning the basics of surgery at Lafaye’s clinics and, in the afternoons, at those of Isaac GOURSAUD.
His years of surgical training came to an end in 1768, when he earned the title of Master of Surgery; he then settled in Dijon as a surgeon
He married Jeanne CARRE, the daughter and granddaughter of a master surgeon, on July 27, 1767, in Quetigny, Côte d’Or. Together they had a son, Bernard François Hector (1769–1837).
In 1769, he began teaching a free course in human and comparative anatomy, which was attended by many students for more than ten years.
In 1774, the Estates of Burgundy established a chemistry program with Louis-Bernard GUYTON de MORVEAU as the full professor and Hugues MARET and François CHAUSSIER as assistant professors. Upon MARET’s death in 1786, he was promoted to second professor of chemistry.
In Dijon, his professional qualities earned him the favor of his patients, and his reputation quickly spread beyond Burgundy; he distinguished himself at the Academy of Surgery through several presentations, and as a result, he was awarded the Academy’s Gold Medal at the public session on April 10, 1777.
He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Besançon on January 14, 1780, and in 1784, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Medicine. That same year, he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Literature in Dijon, where he became secretary-general following the retirement of Guyton de Morveau.
In 1785, at the request of the Estates of Burgundy, he published a popular guide on the treatment of bites from rabid animals: “Method for Treating Bites from Rabid Animals and Vipers; Followed by a Summary on the Malignant Pustule” (with Joseph Enaux, 1726–1798).
In 1789, he published a study on the muscles of the human body, in which he proposed a more rational classification than the one taught up to that point: “A Brief Overview of the Muscles of the Human Body According to the Methodical Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the Public Anatomy Course at Dijon”; this work was reprinted in 1797.
On December 20, 1789, he read a paper titled “Surgical-Forensic Observations on an Important Point of Criminal Jurisprudence” at the Academy of Dijon, in which he demonstrated the role that a physician could play in assisting the justice system; this work attracted attention, and the following year he launched a course in forensic medicine in Dijon.
On 3 Nivôse, Year III (December 23, 1794), he married Angélique LABOREY in Dijon (Crébillon District); they also had a son, Franck Bernard Simon (1804–1866).
In 1794, Antoine-François Fourcroy was tasked by the National Convention with reorganizing medical education and sought out a figure who could provide him with the details of this reorganization. Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, from the Côte-d’Or, who headed the Department of Science and the Arts on the Committee of Public Safety, recommended François Chaussier, who thus joined the Committee of Public Instruction: he drafted a report and a proposed decree, which he read from the rostrum of the Convention on 7 Frimaire, Year III (November 27, 1794); In it, he proposed the creation of a single “Central School of Health” in Paris; the members of the Convention, who were broadly in favor of decentralization, called for the creation of other similar schools in Montpellier and Strasbourg, and it was on this basis that the report was adopted on 14 Frimaire (December 4).
Chaussier returned to Dijon, where he resumed his lectures and studies as well as the duties entrusted to him: he had been appointed physician of the Dijon Hospices in April 1793 and Prison Surgeon; he did not remain there long, however, as he was recalled to Paris to occupy the chair of anatomy and physiology at the School of Health. Chaussier was, in the words of Joseph-Henri Réveillé-Parise, the most famous professor of physiology at the École de Paris: he argued that vitalism was the foundation of all studies in physiology.
A decree dated 7 Vendémiaire, Year III (September 28, 1794) officially established the École Centrale des Travaux Publics, which would later become the École Polytechnique, the Board of Directors proposed, less than a month after the school opened, to establish an infirmary there and to appoint a “health officer” (the revolutionary term for doctors) to care for sick students and also to teach lessons on “the art of preventing and alleviating diseases.” The roster of École Polytechnique staff for the following year lists him as an assistant to Claude Louis Berthollet, “simultaneously responsible for the courses in Zootechnics and Public Health, and School Physician”: in fact, he taught Berthollet’s course during the latter’s absence in Italy in 1796–1797. After the formalization of chemistry instruction, Chaussier appears to have abandoned teaching this science and confined himself almost entirely to his duties as a physician.
In 1799, *Les tables synoptiques* was published to great acclaim. It provides a summary of the physiology, pathology, and treatment of the various anatomical systems of the human body.
On May 9, 1804, he was appointed Physician of the Maternity Hospitals and entrusted with the chairmanship of the medical examination boards for the examinations to become a Public Health Officer, Pharmacist, and Midwife for the district of the Paris Faculty of Medicine.
He was a member of the commission appointed by the Minister of the Interior in October 1810 to study “secret remedies”; there he worked alongside André Marie Constant Duméril, Jean-Joseph Menuret, and Nicolas Deyeux.
In 1815, after the fall of the First Empire, he was replaced as physician at the École Polytechnique, but he retained his chair at the Faculty until November 21, 1822, when the Restoration reorganized the Faculty: he was appointed honorary professor and his chair was revoked. He was deeply embittered by this, and the next day, he suffered a stroke that temporarily left him unable to speak or walk. He recovered, however, though he remained hemiplegic—a condition that did not prevent him from continuing his work at the Maternity Hospital.
On May 6, 1823, he was admitted tothe Academy of Sciences.
Between 1824 and 1827, he published several works on forensic medicine: “Forensic Manual of Poisons, Preceded by Considerations on Poisoning”14, “Collection of Papers, Consultations, and Reports on Various Topics in Forensic Medicine”15, “A Forensic Medical Treatise on the Viability of the Newborn, Presented toHis Excellency the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice”16
François Chaussier died at his home in Paris on June 19, 1828, at the age of 81, from a stroke.
He was buried at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (18th division) on June 21: Nicolas-Philibert Adelon delivered a speech on behalf of the Academy; Marie-Alexandre Désormaux, representing the Faculty, did the same; and Duméril, on behalf of the Royal Academy of Sciences, read a lengthy eulogy.
Franck CHAUSSIER, thesecond son, followed in his father's footsteps and defended his doctoral dissertation in 1827 in Montpellier.
He is a French physician, a professor at the Paris Faculty of Medicine, and a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine and the Academy of Sciences.
Chaussier was the chief editor of the articles on pharmacy inthe *Encyclopédie méthodique*13.
She was born in 1712 in Clermont-Ferrand to a family of doctors.
For the first three years, she studied under Anne BAIRSIN, a midwife.
On September 26, 1739, she received her diploma and shortly thereafter became a licensed midwife.
She worked as a master midwife at Châtelet in Paris for sixteen years.
In 1752, to put theory into practice, she published a book titled *A Summary of the Art of Childbirth*.
In 1754, she returned to Auvergne and began giving free lessons.
In 1758, she designed her famous demonstration “machine” (made of wood, cardboard, fabric, and cotton), which was approved on December1 by the Academy of Surgery.
During the two-month training course, the students were encouraged to practice on the mannequin.
She died on April 16, 1794, at the age of 79, in Bordeaux, in poverty and solitude, with her niece and her husband absent. There is a Rue Angélique du Coudray in Thorigné-Fouillard and also a Rue Madame-du-Coudray in Clermont-Ferrand, her hometown. The maternity ward at the Melun Hospital (77) is also named after her.