INFORMATION / NEWS
Updated: April 9, 2026
Reservations for thesis defenses scheduled from September 7, 2026, to December 4, 2026, will be available starting in the second half of May:
Exact date and time when the schedule will be released: to be announced.
This committee is a faculty-level body with a preventive and supportive focus. Its mission is to identify, assist, and support residents facing personal, professional, or academic challenges. Discussions take place in a confidential and constructive setting.
If you need assistance, please contact us at: med-csapinternes@umontpellier.fr
Throughout your journey, you may have several addresses, including:
Your graduate school address,
Your CHU email address
The address used for registration for the residency program,
Home address…
If these email addresses are not linked to your main account, duplicate entries may appear,resulting in the loss of access to your academic history, internships, or academic progress, as well as difficulties accessing the "Amphis de Choix" and "Docteur Junior" matching campaigns.
organize your email addresses,
merge your accounts if necessary,
secure your access to your data.
ℹ️ Note: After merging accounts, werecommend waiting 15 minutes before logging back in to ensure that the changes have taken effect.
Please contact your academic advisor (see the Contacts & Links)
There are two ways to pick up your diplomas:
In personat theGraduate Studies Office:
School of Medicine – 641 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud – Montpellier – 2nd floor – Room 202
Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and from 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
By mail:
REGISTRATION
REGISTRATION:
Useful document: Affidavit of Good Faith, which must be submitted as a required attachment on the registration platform.
As a reminder, the re-registration platform is not working:
– between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.,
– from a tablet,
– from a smartphone.
Please note that it takes some time to process all re-registrations.
Once your application has been reviewed and approved by the Registrar's Office, you will be able to download your enrollment certificate and the tuition receipt for the 2024/2025 academic year from your digital campus portal.
Registration AUTOMATICALLY validates your ENT (no more digital passport). Therefore, you don’t need to do anything.
REMINDER: ENT username = your institutional email address (prenom.nom@etu.umontpellier.fr).
Questions? Before sending an email, please check the FAQ
Students are satisfied with the registration process:
91%of students are satisfied with the registration process:
96%of students completed their registration online:
86%of students are satisfied with the information posted on the registration page of their department (Faculty) / School / Institute
Log in to your ENTPlease note thatyou must have been enrolled at the University of Montpellier in the 2024–2025 academic year.
PLEASE NOTE: The app is unavailable from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.
If you encounter any difficulties, please send an email to: med-inscriptions-scol3@umontpellier.fr
An automated message confirming your registration will appear. Please keep it.
If no message appears but you have completed the payment process, your registration has been successfully processed—though there are sometimes technical glitches due to the high volume of traffic at the start of the school year.
Once the Faculty of Medicine’s Registrar’s Office has verified your enrollment, your enrollment certificate will be available for download as a PDF.
The 2025/2026 sticker for updating your ID card is available at theGraduate Studies Office and can be mailed to you if you are not based in Montpellier. Please email your advisor with your return address to request it.
As a future resident at the Montpellier-Nîmes School of Medicine, you must be between September 22, 2025 and October 3, 2025, submit your application on the E-Candidat, the following documents:
The E-Candidat platform is used to collect some of the documents required for your enrollment in the D.E.S. program.
IMPORTANT: The application is set up by default. Please IGNORE the automated emails you will receive after submitting your documents (admission and application).
Once the Registrar’s Office has verified this information, you will receive a login link that will allow you to complete your registration for the 2025–2026 academic year. The email was sent on October 28, 2025; please contact med-inscriptions-scol3@umontpellier.fr if you have not received it.
To complete your registration, you will need to (PLEASE NOTE: The app is unavailable from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.):
An automated message confirming your registration will appear. Please keep it.
If no message appears but you have completed the payment process, your registration has been successfully processed—though there are sometimes technical glitches due to the high volume of traffic at the start of the school year.
Once the Faculty of Medicine’s Registrar’s Office has verified your enrollment, your enrollment certificate will be available for download as a PDF on your digital campus portal.
The 2025/2026 sticker for updating your ID card is available at theGraduate Studies Office and can be mailed to you if you are not based in Montpellier. Please email your advisor with your return address to request it.
The internship selection process, organized by the ARS, is scheduled for (date to be announced),atthe Faculty of Medicine, ADV Health Campus in Montpellier.
Updated: October 28, 2025
REGULATIONS
List of Coordinators inMontpellierand Nîmes
Regulations
Decree No. 2021-781 of June 18, 2021 concerning the practice of medicine by postgraduate medical students and amending Article D. 4131-1 of the Public Health Code and Annex 41-1 referred to in that article.
Decree of March 19, 2019 amending the decree of April 21, 2017, regarding the knowledge, skills, and training curricula for specialized degree programs, and establishing the list of such degree programs, options, and specialized interdisciplinary training programs in postgraduate medical studies
Decree of November 27, 2017 amending the decree of April 12, 2017, regarding the organization of postgraduate medical education, and the decree of April 21, 2017, regarding the knowledge, skills, and training curricula for specialized medical degrees, and establishing the list of such degrees and the specialized options and interdisciplinary training programs in postgraduate medical education
Decree of April 21, 2017 regarding the knowledge, skills, and training curricula for D.E.S. degrees and establishing the list of these degrees and the specialized cross-disciplinary options and training programs in postgraduate medical studies.
Decree of April 12, 2017 regarding the organization of postgraduate medical studies.
Decree No. 2018-571 of July 3, 2018 establishing provisions applicable to graduate students in medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy
Decree of January 15, 2020 concerning the list of specialties for which junior physicians may be authorized, upon request, to participate in on-call and emergency medical duty pursuant to Article R. 6153-1-5 of the Public Health Code
Decree of January 16, 2020 regarding the framework of clinical scenarios and the stages of the training pathway enabling junior physicians to progressively acquire independent professional practice, pursuant to Article R. 6153-1-2 of the Public Health Code
Decree of February 17, 2020 amending the order of January 16, 2020, regarding the framework of clinical scenarios and the stages of the training pathway enabling junior doctors to gradually acquire independent professional practice, pursuant to Article R. 6153-1-2 of the Public Health Code.
Decree of July 30, 2021 regarding the organization of clinical rotations for the consolidation phase of postgraduate medical studies during the 2021–2022 academic year
BOARDING SCHOOL
Reference : Amended Order of April 12, 2017, Sections 7 and 8
“A student who wishes to change majors must have been ranked, following the national ranking exams, at a position at least equal to that of the last candidate from the same national ranking exams who has not signed a public service commitment contract (CESP) at the time of the national selection procedure provided for in Article R. 632-7 of the Education Code and assigned, within the same subdivision, to the specialty to which they are requesting to change.”
Pursuant to Article R 632-11 of the Education Code, postgraduate medical students may request… no later than during the second semester of Phase 2 ( advanced training) to change their specialty.
For students in Medical Biology, the application must be submitted during the final semester of the foundational phase.
Only completed semesters are taken into account.
Any change of specialty is FINAL and may be made only once.
Practical Details
==============================================
If, following the ECN exams based on which the student was definitively assigned, not all open positions in a specialty at the subdivision level have been filled, the student may request a change of specialty regardless of their ranking.
However, if the number of applications exceeds the number of unfilled positions, applications are reviewed based on the ranking of students wishing to make this change. The procedure is then similar to that for a standard change of major (see above).
Any change of specialty is FINAL and may be made only once.
==============================================
A so-called exceptional derogation procedure may be carried out within the subdivision, provided that all of the following conditions are met.
The authority to decide on the publication of any job openings following the national qualifying exams—which could affect the demographic balance of healthcare professionals within the region—lies with the Director General of the Occitanie Regional Health Agency (ARS), in conjunction with the Dean of the Montpellier-Nîmes Faculty of Medicine and the relevant local coordinator.
This procedure does not constitute a right for students.
All members of the cohort affected by the job opening are notified of it by email. The list of job openings is available via the ARS’s PAPS portal:
https://www.occitanie.paps.sante.fr/postes-vacants-suite-ecn?parent=15610
Any change of specialty is FINAL and may be made only once.
Updated: April 7, 2026
On this page, you will find the procedures regarding the validation committees for the D.E.S. and D.E.S.C.
The link is updated very regularly, so please check it often.
Procedures for the DES Validation Committees – April 2026 Session
First tab in the Excel spreadsheet: DES Second tab: DESC
If you have any further questions, please contact your DES/DESC coordinator directly.
The Intern Office has no additional information beyond what is provided in the link above.
You have already defended your thesis and completed your residency. We will send both certificates of completion (Doctor of Medicine + DES) together to the Medical Board of your choice. Please email us the name of the relevant Medical Board:
Sending your certificates of completion directly to the Bar Association via email eliminates the need for time-consuming verification processes and saves you time.
Certificates of completion will be sent to the CDOM in April or October. The date of issuance listed on the certificate of completion will be the date your internship ends.
The validity of these certificates of completion is recognized in France. The Council of the French Medical Association accepts them in support of registration applications submitted by new doctors pending the subsequent issuance of the final diploma. Abroad, their validity is often disputed. At the request of the individual concerned, the Interns’ Office may issue a certificate specifying the legal validity of this certificate, which must be submitted to the authorities of the country that requires it.
Final diplomas will be issued six months to one year after the defense, only upon request. The availability of diplomas will be indicated in the INFORMATION section of the website.
FST / OPTIONS
During graduate studies, a student may be permitted to choose either a concentration or an interdisciplinary specialized program.
The curriculum outlines for specialized degree programs specify the tracks in which students are eligible to enroll. Admission to specialized tracks and interdisciplinary programs is based on the student’s career plan.
The resident follows the track or interdisciplinary specialized training program for which they were authorized to enroll during the academic year for which the position was opened.
Application deadline: APRIL 30
To apply, please fill out this form.
All applications are ranked by the FST coordinators and program directors.
The final decision on admission is made by the Dean based on these rankings and the annual decree specifying the number of available spots for each program.
The decision will be communicated internally via email by the end of June at the latest.
Enrollment takes effect starting with the next academic year.
Contacts:
FST models:
FST Oncology: Medical Treatments for Cancer
FST in Congenital Pediatric Cardiology
FST: Orbital, Palpebral, and Lacrimal Surgery
FST: Surgery in War or Disaster Situations
FST Medical Assessment of Personal Injury
Genetic FST and Bioclinical Molecular Medicine
FST: Hygiene, Infection Prevention, and Antimicrobial Resistance
FST Medicine in Wartime or in Public Health Emergencies (SSE)
FST Medicine and Reproductive Biology, Andrology
==> Information from the FST School Health Division: CNEMS POSTER
FST in Medical and Therapeutic Pharmacology
Updated: September 15, 2025
CERTIFICATIONS
Regulations: Amended Order of April 12, 2017, on the Organization of Postgraduate Medical Education – Section 2 – Articles 32 through 40-1
The accreditation certifies that the internship site or the university-affiliated supervising practitioner is qualified to host internships, as specified in the curriculum frameworks, for graduate students enrolled in the specializations, tracks, and interdisciplinary programs for which it is granted.
– a primary accreditation in the specialty in which the medical director of the training site or the university clinical instructor is qualified, or for which he or she holds the corresponding postgraduate diploma in medicine, or for which he or she can demonstrate sufficient experience in clinical practice and in supervising students, as assessed by the subcommittee convened for the purpose of accreditation. Any primary accreditation is proposed by the subdivision committee convened for the purpose of accreditation based on the submission of an initial application or renewal application, the composition of which is set forth in Article 35 of this decree;
– additional accreditation for one or more specialties for which the training site or the university-affiliated supervising practitioner is recognized as a trainer. This recognition is granted by the subdivision committee meeting in its accreditation session when it reviews the application for primary accreditation of the internship site or the university supervising practitioner, or at a later date and for the remainder of the accreditation period;
– a functional accreditation for an elective or one or more interdisciplinary specialized training programs for which the clinical training site or the university clinical instructor is recognized as a trainer. This recognition is granted at any time by the subdivision committee meeting in its accreditation session when it reviews either the application for primary or supplementary accreditation, where applicable, of the internship site or the university supervising practitioner, or the application for functional accreditation in the absence of an application for primary or supplementary accreditation, in accordance with the procedures set forth in Article 35 of this decree.
TRAINING COURSES OUTSIDE THE REGION
Reference: Amended Order of April 12, 2017, Section 5, Article 45
You are a resident in the Montpellier division (Eastern Occitanie) and would like to apply for an internship outside the region.
You are a resident in another division and would like to apply for an out-of-region internship in the Montpellier (Eastern Occitanie) division.
For an internship at Montpellier University Hospital: please contact the Medical Affairs Department at Montpellier University Hospital: damsco-internes-ffi@chu-montpellier.fr
For an internship at Nîmes University Hospital: please contact the Medical Affairs Department at Nîmes University Hospital:internes.etudiants@chu-nimes.fr
To apply for an internship at a hospital or any other facility within the district: submit your application to the facility in question and send a copy to the ARS: ARS-OC-DPR-INTERNAT-SUBD-MONTPELLIER@ars.sante.fr
To apply for an internship with a university-affiliated supervising practitioner (MSU): submit your application to the relevant coordinator and send a copy to the faculty: med-specialites@umontpellier.fr + copy to the ARS: ARS-OC-DPR-INTERNAT-SUBD-MONTPELLIER@ars.sante.fr
For any request for approval from the Dean—Prof. Isabelle Laffont—please send the attachment to be signed, along with the approval from the supervisor of the relevant internship site, to the following email address: med-specialites@umontpellier.fr
The Montpellier Committee for Out-of-Region "Incoming" Internships, coordinated by the Montpellier University Hospital, meets twice a year: in January (for the May semester) and in July (for the November semester).
THESES
RESEARCH YEAR
Reference: Decree of October 4, 2006 as amended, defining the organizational procedures for the research year during the postgraduate phase of medical, dental, and pharmacy studies.
The purpose of the research year is to provide certain residents with solid training in research. To achieve this, the project must involve full immersion in the research environment, preferably distinct from routine clinical practice and standard PHRC-type research projects that are already well-funded through other sources. It may be written in French or English.
The Commission will meet on Tuesday, June 30, 2026.
Applications must be submitted via email only (deadline: June 15, 2026) sabrina.boukari@umontpellier.fr
MASTER 2 INFORMATION – APPLICATION INFORMATION – Starting in APRIL 2026 on the e-candidat platform (blue database)
We strongly recommend that you contact the program coordinators of your choice through their respective websites (research-year residents are highly valued).
IMPORTANT: Youmust submit your application for the M2 program via the e-candidat platform:https://candidature.umontpellier.fr/candidature/#!accueilView
before the deadline specified for your chosen track, and BEFORE you attend the Research Year Committee auditions.
All the information is available on the websites for each master’s program; below are the main links for the Health Track, Health Biology, Digital Health Sciences, and Sports Science and Physical Education programs.
For the Master 2 in Health Biology at the Faculty of Sciences:Master's program website:http://masterbs.edu.umontpellier.fr/accueil/
Application deadline:April through June 2026
We recommend that you contact the program coordinators, whose contact information can be found on the master’s program website, to introduce yourself. Please note that for the Biology and Health track, the courses are divided among three components.
Please note that the academic calendar is different for the Biology and Health track in the School of Medicine
Programs at the Faculty of Sciences: Cancer– Biology; Epigenetics, Genetics, and Cell Biology (EpiGenBio); IBIS (Therapeutic Engineering and Bioproduction in Health Biotechnology); Infection Biology; Experimental and Regenerative Medicine (MER); Neurosciences; Quantitative Biology (qBIO);
Programs at the School of Pharmacy:Translational Medical Chemistry; Sensory and Motor Neuroprostheses;I BIS (Therapeutic Engineering and Bioproduction in Health Biotechnology).
Courses at the Faculty of Medicine:Project Management and Innovation in Biotechnology (BIOTIN);Management and Evaluation of Clinical Trials; IDIL
For the Master 2 program in Health and Health Biology at the Faculty of Medicine:Master's program website: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/
Application deadline: April through May 2026
We recommend that you contact the program coordinators, whose contact information can be found on the master’s program website, to introduce yourself.
In the Health track of the School of Medicine, you have several options:
1- Master's in Health, EDSB Track: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/edsb/
2- Master's in Health, REHAB Track: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/rehab/
3- Master's in Health, SDTT Track: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/sdtt/
4- Master's in Health Sciences, Social Sciences Track – Care, Humanity, Society: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/shs/
5-Master's in Health Sciences, Gerontology Track: https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/gerontologie/
Application deadline: April through May 2026
In the Biology and Health track of the School of Medicine, you have three options:
1-Master's in Health Biology,Specialization in Management and Evaluation of Clinical Trials:https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/essais-therapeutiques
2-Master's in Health Biology,Specialization in Project Management and Innovation in Biotechnology (BIOTIN):https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/biotin
3-Master's in Health Biology, IDIL Track:https://facmedecine.umontpellier.fr/etudes-et-formations/masters/master-idil/
Application deadline: April through May 2026
For the Master 2 in Digital Health Sciences:Master's program website:https://sns.edu.umontpellier.fr/fr/master-sciences-numerique-pour-la-sante-montpellier/
Application deadline: April through June 2026
We recommend that you contact the program coordinators, whose contact information is listed on the master’s program website, to introduce yourself
2 courses:
Master's in Digital Health Sciences, Health Device Engineering (IDS) track
Master's in Digital Health Sciences, Biomedical Physics Track
For the Master 2 in Sports Science:Master's program websitehttps://staps.edu.umontpellier.fr/formations/master-staps/
Application deadline: by June 2026
We recommend that you contact the program coordinator, whose contact information is available on the master’s program website, to introduce yourself.
USEFUL CONTACTS
Montpellier:
Mailing address: 2, rue Ecole de Médecine CS 59001 – 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2
Physical address: Campus Santé A. de Villeneuve, Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud – Montpellier – Office 202 – 2nd floor
Office Manager
Enrollment Administrators:
♣ General Practice : med-mg@umontpellier.fr (Ms. BESSONE and Ms. PORTAL).
Coralie BESSONE – 04 34 43 35 40 coralie.bessone@umontpellier.fr
Plastic, Reconstructive, and Cosmetic Surgery
Medical genetics
Hematology
Sabrina Boukari – 04 34 43 35 58 sabrina.boukari@umontpellier.fr
Maxillofacial surgery
Pediatric Surgery
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Vascular Surgery
General Gynecology
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Infectious and Tropical Diseases
Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology
Nuclear Medicine
Occupational Medicine and Health
Vascular Medicine
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery
Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Radiology and Medical Imaging
Public Health
Urology
Katarina NOVAKOVIC-LAIGRE – 04 34 43 35 38 katarina.novakovic-laigre@umontpellier.fr
Allergy Medicine
Pathological Anatomy and Cytology
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine
Medical Biology
Oral Surgery
Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery
Visceral and Digestive Surgery
Dermatology and Venereology
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition
Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Emergency Medicine
Intensive Care Medicine
Forensic Medicine and Medical Expert Opinions
Nephrology
Neurosurgery
Neurology
Pulmonology
Rheumatology
Béatrice PORTAL – 04 34 43 35 41 beatrice.portal@umontpellier.fr
Geriatrics
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL MEDICINE
The School of Medicine has a Department of General Practice (DUMG) that coordinates the academic program for general practice residents.
This department, led by Professor Amouyal, has a dedicated website, which you can find below:
As part of your Skills Consolidation Program (PCC), you must enroll in an undergraduate program.
As an EVC awardee, you are required to enroll in a university that has a training and research unit (UFR) offering the program corresponding to your profession and, if applicable, your specialty.
This enrollment must be completed at the university affiliated with your place of assignment, in this case the Montpellier campus.
This requirement is set forth in the following regulations:
As part of the licensing process, you must complete a skills consolidation program (SCP):
Your university registration is the second step in the licensing process and is essential for completing your PCC.
Please send the following documents to your account manager: contact
– Valid identification and residence permit
– Proof of personal liability insurance for the current academic year
– Assignment letter from the CNG
– Employment contract with the Hospital
– Copies of diplomas, translated into French by a certified translator
– Payment of €525 by bank transfer, credit card, or check.
⊗ DU/DIU-MASTER: If you are required to enroll in a DU/DIU-MASTER program, this does not exempt you from enrolling in a graduate program and must be done AFTER you have enrolled ina graduate program.
If you have already registered for a DU/DIU-MASTER program, please let your advisor know, as this will affect the cost of yourgraduate-level tuition.
Marie-Anne GILLAIN was born in 1773 in Montreuil, near Versailles.
She was sent to boarding school with the Sisters of the Visitation.
During the Revolution, she took refuge in Etampes, staying with a relative who was the mother superior of the Hospitalières de l’Hôtel-Dieu.
There she attended the surgeon’s lectures and served for two and a half years, from 1793 to 1796, as a hospital volunteer—that is, as a layperson who offered her services to the poor and sick on a voluntary basis.
In 1797, she returned to Versailles to marry Louis Boivin, deputy head of the National Domains office.
She became pregnant early on, but in 1798, at the age of 25, she was suddenly widowed, left penniless, and with a young daughter to raise.
She then decided to put the skills she had learned from the surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu in Étampes to good use and enrolled in the Midwifery School at the Maternity Hospital in 1799.
In 1800, she graduated and moved to Versailles to be reunited with her daughter and pursue her career.
In 1801, following the death of her daughter, she obtained permission from Marie-Louise Lachapelle to return to the Maternity Hospice
In 1803, she was appointed head supervisor of the breastfeeding unit. She held this position for eleven years, until 1814. During this long tenure, she took the opportunity to attend the lectures of her patron, the surgeons at the Maternity Hospital (Baudelocque, then Dubois), and the chief physicians (Andry, and especially Chaussier), from whom she gathered observations and lessons.
In 1812, she wrote and published *A Treatise on the Art of Childbirth*. The work was approved by the Ministry of the Interior, which included it among the textbooks given to graduates of the Maternity School.
In 1814, the position of supervisor that she held was eliminated, and she was dismissed with a severance payment equal to her annual salary, amounting to 360 francs.
In October, she was appointed storekeeper and steward at the Poissy General Hospital, a position she held until January 1819, when the General Hospital was converted into a prison.
Little is known about this period of her life: did she continue her obstetric practice despite her new, more administrative duties? Did she do so within the general hospital? Or with a private clientele? In any case, for a time she appears to have received a comfortable annual salary of 1,200 francs—almost as much as the head midwife at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1818, she entered the Paris Medical Society’s competition anonymously, submitting a paper on internal uterine hemorrhages. She was awarded the medal.
On February1, 1819, she joined the Maison Royale de Santé in Paris as chief midwife, with a modest salary of 350 francs a year.
In 1821, an opportunity for promotion arose following the death of Marie-Louise Lachapelle.
According to procedure, the General Council of the Hospices must submit to the Minister of the Interior a list of five candidates to succeed the renowned midwife.
On November 14, 1821, the Council voted to approve a list with Marie-Anne Boivin at the top; she received 12 out of 12 votes in the first round of voting to select the top candidate.
A month and a half later, the Minister of the Interior endorsed the Council’s decision.
But the winner declined the position (or rather resigned), forcing the board to propose another list. Why the refusal? All contemporary biographers attribute this decision to a public promise Marie-Anne Boivin is said to have made to her former patroness never to replace her, even after her death. If this is the case, she kept her word, and another midwife, Madeleine Catherine Legrand, was appointed in 1822.
Marie-Anne Boivin therefore continued to practice at the Maison Royale de Santé, where she amassed observations, publications, and honors.
In 1828, she submitted a thesis on spontaneous abortions, which was awarded a prize by the Bordeaux Medical Society.
In September 1835, at the age of 62, worn out and exhausted, she retired and urged the board of the hospices to grant her a pension. Finally, after a first stroke that left her hemiplegic, she died in May 1841.
In 1902, one of the rooms in the renovated maternity ward was named after Marie-Anne Boivin.
She was born in 1563 on Boulevard Saint-Germain or in Mons to a family of doctors.
She married Martin BOURSIER, a master surgeon and student of Ambroise PARÉ, in 1594.
She finds herself destitute when her husband is enlisted in the king's army.
She quickly gained a reputation among the ladies of the court and delivered the queen's children on six occasions.
She is paid 500 crowns for the birth of a boy and 300 for the birth of a girl.
It lost its prestige following the death of Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, wife of Gaston d’Orléans, at the time of the birth of the Grande Mademoiselle.
According to the surgeons who performed the autopsy on the woman who had given birth, her death was attributed to the presence of retained placental tissue in the uterus, and Louise Bourgeois was subsequently accused of negligence.
At that time, there were few male obstetricians practicing, and they were trying to gain the upper hand over the midwives' guild.
Louise questions their competence by harshly criticizing the autopsy findings and the skills of the obstetricians; however, her response has the opposite effect of what she intended, as it ends up giving them publicity.
She was the first midwife to write a book on obstetrics, *Various Observations on Infertility, Miscarriage, Fertility, Childbirth, and Diseases of Women and Newborns*, published in 1609.
In this book, she points out that infertility in a couple may be due to male factors, even though, like doctors of that era, she confuses the ability to procreate with sexual vigor.
She identified the role of malnutrition in fetal health, and she was the first to prescribe iron supplements to treat anemia.
She emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge for midwives and urges doctors to allow them to attend lectures and dissection sessions.
In 1636, Parisian midwives submitted a petition to the Faculty of Medicine requesting that Louise Bourgeois be permitted to teach them obstetrics, but their request was denied.
Subsequently, however, one of her students, Marguerite du Tertre de la Marche, was appointed head of the midwives at the Hôtel-Dieu and succeeded in overhauling their training program.
She died on December 20, 1636, on Boulevard Saint-Germain at the age of 73.
He was born on November 30, 1745, in Heilly, Picardy.
He was the son of Jean Baptiste BAUDELOCQUE, a surgeon, and Anne Marguerite LEVASSEUR. His brothers Félix Honoré (1744–1794) and Jean Baptiste (1749–1800) were both doctors. He was the third of ten children.
It was his father who introduced him to surgery in the countryside of Picardy.
He completed his studies in Paris at the Hôpital de la Charité, where a renowned professor of obstetrics, Solayrès de Renhac (1737–1772), was in charge.
In 1772, following Solayrès’s untimely death at the age of 35, he collected the manuscripts of his lectures and succeeded him as professor of obstetrics at the Hôpital de la Charité. Thanks to Baudelocque, Solayrès’s work was saved from oblivion.
In 1775, at the initiative of the surgeon Augier du FOT, a demonstration instructor in obstetrics in Soissons, he published—drawing on manuscripts bequeathed by Solayrès de RENHAC—the first edition of a manual intended for the training of midwives. This work was later republished under his name alone, under the title“Principles on the Art of Childbirth: Questions and Answers for Student Midwives.” It underwent three reprints during Baudelocque’s lifetime and three more posthumously.
In 1776, following the defense of his thesis on symphysotomy, titled“An in partu propter angustiam pelvis impossibili, symphysis ossium secanda?”, he was appointed surgeon at the Hôpital de la Charité in Paris and was awarded the title of Master of Surgery by the Paris College of Surgery.
On April 5 or 6, 1777, in Paris, he married Andrée DERULLIER (née de Vulier, de Voulier, de Rullie, or de Rouillier), whose family made mannequins of pregnant women for demonstrations in childbirth classes; she died on January 4, 1787, without children.
In 1781 and 1789, he published the first two editions of his scholarly treatise*The Art of Childbirth* in two volumes. He became famous for his forceps, his practice of cesarean sections, and the invention of the pelvimeter, which measures the external anteroposterior diameter to identify patients who might experience difficulties during childbirth.
On September 14, 1788, in Amiens, he married Marie Catherine Rose Laurent; the couple had five children (three daughters and two sons).
During the French Revolution, the guilds and faculties were abolished. Hospitals lost some of their staff and funding. Baudelocque nevertheless managed to build a reputation as an obstetrician thanks to a clientele in the city and private obstetrics lessons.
In 1794, the former Faculty of Medicine was replaced by the École centrale de Santé de Paris, where he was responsible for teaching medical students and midwives.
In October 1795, the Maternity Hospice began taking in poor women and unwed mothers to assist them during childbirth and provided clinical training for midwives and doctors from the School of Health.
In addition, this facility also takes in abandoned children.
In 1798, Baudelocque, in addition to his position as professor of obstetrics at the Paris School of Health, became chief surgeon at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1802, the school at the Hospice de la Maternité was established, where Baudelocque put his teaching skills to use, employing mannequins to allow students to practice examinations and obstetric procedures. He emphasized observation over intervention, preferring to let nature take its course and using instruments as little as possible.
Busy with his many responsibilities, he delegated some of his authority to the head midwife of the Maternity Ward, Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1769–1821), who took on part of the training of the midwifery students and was authorized to use forceps on her own in cases of difficult childbirth.
He was involved in a high-profile lawsuit brought against him by an obstetrician, Jean François Sacombe, a fierce opponent of cesarean sections and a defender of traditional midwifery practices. Sacombe, who had set himself up as a defender of midwives and accused Baudelocque of infanticide, ultimately lost his case in 1804 and, in the process, any sense of proportion.
In 1806, Napoleon appointed Jean-Louis Baudelocque to the chair of obstetrics, the first medical specialty chair in France.
He became the personal obstetrician to the queens of Spain, Holland, and Naples, as well as to all the ladies of the court.
He had been chosen and selected in advance to deliver the heir awaited by Napoleon and Empress Marie-Louise of Austria. But, struck down by a cerebral hemorrhage, he would not live to see the birth of the King of Rome.
He died on May 2 or 3, 1810, at 16 Rue Jacob in Paris (6th arrondissement), where he lived, at the age of 65.
He was buried at the Vaugirard West Cemetery, then exhumed due to land acquisition for the construction of what is now Boulevard Pasteur.
He was then buried on August 17, 1839, at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (45thdivision).
He was the most famous obstetrician of his time.
A physician at the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, he would lend his name to the Baudelocque Clinic in 1890.
The Port-Royal Maternity Hospital was built in 1966. The two facilities merged in 1993 (14th arrondissement of Paris).
There is now a midwifery school on Avenue Denfert-Rochereau that bears her name.
He was born on July 2, 1746, in Dijon, in the parish of Saint Pierre.
His father was a master glazier.
After completing his training at the Dijon Hospital, his mother sent him to Paris to continue his medical studies, and he enrolled at the Royal College of Surgery, where he attended classes regularly from 1765 to 1767; there he took anatomy courses taught by Raphaël SABATIER and Jean-Joseph SUE.
At the same time, he began training in surgery at Lafaye’s clinics and, in the afternoons, at those of Isaac GOURSAUD.
His years of surgical training came to an end in 1768, when he was awarded the title of Master of Surgery; he then settled in Dijon as a surgeon
He married Jeanne CARRE, the daughter and granddaughter of a Master Surgeon, on July 27, 1767, in Quetigny, Côte d’Or. Together they had a son, Bernard François Hector (1769–1837).
In 1769, he began teaching a free course in human and comparative anatomy, which was attended by many students for over ten years.
In 1774, the Estates of Burgundy established a chemistry program with Louis-Bernard GUYTON de MORVEAU as the full professor and Hugues MARET and François CHAUSSIER as assistant professors. Upon MARET’s death in 1786, he was promoted to associate professor of chemistry.
In Dijon, his professional skills earned him the favor of his patients, and his reputation quickly spread beyond Burgundy; he distinguished himself at the Academy of Surgery through several presentations, and as a result, he was awarded the Academy’s Gold Medal at the public session on April 10, 1777.
He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Besançon on January 14, 1780, and in 1784, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Medicine. That same year, he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters in Dijon, where he became secretary-general following the retirement of Guyton de Morveau.
In 1785, at the request of the Estates of Burgundy, he published a popular guide on the treatment of bites from rabid animals: “Method for Treating Bites from Rabid Animals and Vipers; Followed by a Summary on the Malignant Pustule” (with Joseph Enaux, 1726–1798).
In 1789, he published a study on the muscles of the human body, in which he proposed a more rational classification than the one previously taught: “A Brief Overview of the Muscles of the Human Body According to the Methodical Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the Public Anatomy Course at Dijon”; this work was reprinted in 1797.
On December 20, 1789, he read a paper titled “Surgical-Legal Observations on an Important Point of Criminal Jurisprudence” at the Academy of Dijon, in which he demonstrated the role that physicians could play in assisting the justice system; this work attracted attention, and the following year he launched a course in forensic medicine in Dijon.
On 3 Nivôse, Year III (December 23, 1794), he married Angélique LABOREY in Dijon (Crébillon district); they also had a son, Franck Bernard Simon (1804–1866).
In 1794, Antoine-François Fourcroy was tasked by the National Convention with reorganizing medical education and sought out a figure capable of providing him with the details of this reorganization. Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, from Côte-d’Or, who headed the Committee of Public Safety’s Department of Science and Arts Education, recommended François Chaussier, who thus joined the Committee of Public Instruction: he drafted a report and a draft decree, which he read from the rostrum of the Convention on 7 Frimaire, Year III (November 27, 1794); In it, he proposed the creation of a single “Central School of Health” in Paris; the members of the Convention, who were largely open to decentralization, requested the creation of other similar schools in Montpellier and Strasbourg, and it was on this basis that the report was adopted on 14 Frimaire (December 4).
Chaussier returned to Dijon, where he resumed his teaching and studies as well as the duties entrusted to him: he had been appointed physician to the Hospices of Dijon in April 1793 and Surgeon to the Prisons; he did not remain there long, however, as he was recalled to Paris to occupy the chair of anatomy and physiology at the School of Health. Chaussier was, in the words of Joseph-Henri Réveillé-Parise, the most famous professor of physiology at the Paris School: he argued that vitalism was the foundation of all studies in physiology.
A decree dated 7 Vendémiaire, Year III (September 28, 1794), which officially established the École Centrale des Travaux Publics, the future École Polytechnique, the Board of Directors proposed, less than a month after the school opened, to establish an infirmary there and to appoint a “health officer” (the revolutionary term for doctors) to treat sick students and also to give lessons on “the art of preventing and alleviating diseases.” The roster of École Polytechnique staff for the following year lists him as an assistant to Claude Louis Berthollet, “concurrently responsible for the courses in Zootechnics and Public Health, and School Physician”: in fact, he taught Berthollet’s course during the latter’s absence in Italy in 1796–1797. After the formalization of chemistry instruction, Chaussier appears to have abandoned teaching this science and confined himself almost entirely to his duties as a physician.
In 1799, *Les tables synoptiques* was published to great acclaim. It provides a summary of the physiology, pathology, and treatment of the various anatomical systems of the human body.
On May 9, 1804, he was appointed Physician to the Maternity Hospitals and was entrusted with the chairmanship of the medical examination boards for the exams to become a Public Health Officer, Pharmacist, and Midwife for the district of the Paris Faculty of Medicine.
He was a member of the commission appointed by the Minister of the Interior in October 1810 to study “secret remedies”; there he worked alongside André Marie Constant Duméril, Jean-Joseph Menuret, and Nicolas Deyeux.
In 1815, following the fall of the First Empire, he was replaced as physician at the École Polytechnique, but he retained his chair at the Faculty until November 21, 1822, when the Restoration reorganized the Faculty: he was appointed honorary professor and his chair was revoked. He felt great bitterness over this, and the next day, he suffered a stroke that temporarily left him unable to speak or walk. He recovered, however, though he remained hemiplegic, which did not prevent him from continuing his work at the Maternity Hospital.
On May 6, 1823, he was elected tothe Academy of Sciences.
Between 1824 and 1827, he published several works on forensic medicine: *Forensic Manual of Poisons, Preceded by Considerations on Poisoning*14, “Collection of Papers, Consultations, and Reports on Various Topics in Forensic Medicine”15, “Forensic Medical Paper on the Viability of the Newborn Child, Presented toHis Excellency the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice”16
François Chaussier died at his home in Paris on June 19, 1828, at the age of 81, from a stroke.
He was buried at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (18th division) on June 21: Nicolas-Philibert Adelon delivered a speech on behalf of the Academy; Marie-Alexandre Désormaux, representing the Faculty, did the same; and Duméril, on behalf of the Royal Academy of Sciences, read a lengthy eulogy.
Thesecond son, Franck CHAUSSIER, followed in his father’s footsteps and defended his doctoral dissertation in 1827 in Montpellier.
He is a French physician, a professor at the Paris Faculty of Medicine, and a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine and the Academy of Sciences.
Chaussier was the chief editor of the articles on pharmacy inthe *Encyclopédie méthodique*13.
She was born in 1712 in Clermont-Ferrand to a family of doctors.
She first studied under Anne BAIRSIN, a midwife, for three years.
On September 26, 1739, she received her diploma and shortly thereafter became a licensed midwife.
She worked as a midwife at the Châtelet in Paris for sixteen years.
In 1752, to put theory into practice, she published a book titled *A Summary of the Art of Childbirth*.
In 1754, she returned to Auvergne and began giving free lessons.
In 1758, she designed her famous demonstration “machine” (made of wood, cardboard, fabric, and cotton), which was approved on December1 by the Academy of Surgery.
During the two-month training course, the students were encouraged to practice on the mannequin.
She died on April 16, 1794, at the age of 79 in Bordeaux, in poverty and solitude, with her niece and her husband absent. There is a Rue Angélique du Coudray in Thorigné-Fouillard and also a Rue Madame-du-Coudray in Clermont-Ferrand, her hometown. The maternity ward at the hospital in Melun (77) also bears her name.
