The AD@lY association and the Faculty are honored to welcome His Excellency Mr. DINH Toan Thang, Vietnam’s Ambassador to France, this Tuesday, June 14.
What's on the agenda
The AD@lY association and the Faculty are honored to welcome His Excellency Mr. DINH Toan Thang, Vietnam’s Ambassador to France, this Tuesday, June 14.
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Remarks by Dean Laffont
Acknowledgments and Introduction by AD@lY President Anna Owhadi Richardson
Book: "Dalat: Past, Present, and Future" by M. PharmS
Remarks by Professor Charles Sultan, representing Mayor Michaël Delafosse
Remarks by Clare Hart, Vice President for International Relations
Remarks by the regional representative
Remarks by the Academy’s representative
Remarks by His Excellency Ambassador Dinh Toan Thang
Testimonials from AD@lY members and friends: Hélène Mandroux, Jacques Touchon
Tour of the Jardin des Plantes organized by the Association of Friends of the Jardin des Plantes in Montpellier
For the 19thedition edition of “Rendez-vous aux Jardins,” gardeners and botanists invite you to join them across Europe to explore the theme “Gardens in the Face of Climate Change.” The event, organized by the Ministry of Culture, will take place from Friday, June 3, through Sunday, June 5, 2022. And here’s some good news: Montpellier’s Jardin des Plantes will be participating for two days.
Starting Friday, June 3, nearly 2,200 gardens will open their doors, offering moments of joy and discovery. It’s an opportunity to share with family and friends through a wide range of activities. Throughout the weekend, visitors will be able to interact with experts on nature conservation measures, with the goal of raising awareness about the protection of biodiversity—which is essential to the well-being of all living things. Furthermore, in recent years, thanks to successful European cooperation, many countries have joined the initiative, including Germany, Portugal, Croatia, Italy, Poland, and France. This is an opportunity to discover splendid gardens, such as the Jardin des Plantes at the Montpellier Faculty of Medicine.
The Jardin des Plantes at the Montpellier School of Medicine is opening its doors this year for its 19th annual event. In groups of 25, you’ll explore the Garden’s iconic sites through 14 tours centered on recurring themes such as “Bees and Humans in 2022,” “Aromatic Plants and the Five Senses Plots,” or general tours. All passionate about botany, our five gardener-botanists—who will take on the role of guides for the duration of the weekend—will explain how plants are adapting to climate change in their respective areas of expertise. The goal of these two days is to foster interaction between our gardeners-botanists and the general public, as well as to raise awareness among young people and adults alike about the importance of preserving and promoting the Faculty’s Jardin des Plantes. An iconic landmark of Montpellier, come discover it with fresh eyes. We look forward to seeing many of you there!
All tours depart from the municipal guards' station on Boulevard Henri IV.
The maximum number of people per visit is limited to 25.
by Jeff Fauveau and the APIS SCHOLA association
by Emmanuel Spicq
by Ludovic Rioux and Jean-Louis Talavera
by Didier Morisot
by Denis Nespoulous
by Jean-Louis Talavera
by Ludovic Rioux and Jean-Louis Talavera
by Denis Nespoulous
by Jeff Fauveau and the APIS SCHOLA association
by Emmanuel SPICQ
by Jean-Louis Talavera
by Denis Nespoulous
by Jeff Fauveau and the APIS SCHOLA association
by Emmanuel Spicq
Inspired by the Jardin des Plantes and its historic herbarium, discover the “Botanica” exhibition curated by Christelle Boulé as part of the Boutographie Festival. From Saturday, May 7, through Sunday, May 29, enjoy a floral stroll right in the heart of the Orangerie.
Each year, the Boutographie festival offers a parallel program that creates a circuit through various cultural venues in Montpellier. Originally scheduled for 2019 but canceled due to the health crisis, the Jardin des Plantes is hosting the Botanica project this year—a series of 15 paintings paying tribute to its botanical collections. To learn more about the project’s origins and inspirations, we spoke with artist Christelle Boullé.
I grew up in Montreal and studied art. I later decided to switch to graphic design and earned a bachelor’s degree in 2009. After moving to Lausanne, Switzerland, I worked for four years as a graphic designer at an agency. Following that experience, I decided to resume my studies and enrolled in the Master’s program in photography at ECAN, a world-renowned school, from 2014 to 2016. That’s when I began approaching photography the way I do today—in an experimental manner, particularly through a series I created on the theme of perfume. It involves working in a darkroom, much like with film photography, but in this case, the photos are developed in color. I love it when a photo is unique, and this technique provides a playground for creativity.
In 2017, I submitted my graduation project to exhibit at the Pavillon Populaire. I was contacted again in late 2019 for an “Hors les Murs” exhibition, which showcases various photo series throughout Montpellier. They reached out to me because I work with materials. I really like the Boutographies project because it helps showcase emerging artists; it’s very refreshing and gives us the chance to discover projects that don’t get as much exposure.
This invitation is a wonderful gift. I had been working for two or three years on ways to represent fragrance when the Boutographies came up with this idea in collaboration with the Jardin des Plantes in Montpellier. So I began researching this place and was immediately inspired. It’s a fantastic spot. I watched documentaries and news reports to discover the richness of the herbariums, which immediately caught my interest. I wanted to connect with the material and pay homage to nature, scents, and forms. So I set out to create a timeless garden—one we could have in our own homes or that might have existed 300 years ago—to bridge the past and the future.
I didn’t go to the Jardin des Plantes; I decided to imagine it and let myself be inspired. So I turned to my friends who had traveled to places like Japan or Canada and taken photos of plants. My work was based on my research and, above all, on my interpretation of what the Jardin might be like.
Launched in 2020, the Botanica photography series is not yet complete, and Christelle Boulé is continuing to work on it.
To experience an explosion of color, visit the Orangerie throughout the month of May!
On January 30, 2022, the France 3 program *Ô la belle vie* featured the Montpellier Faculty of Medicine in a special episode. Available for replay, you can learn about the history of this renowned center of learning, which dates back 800 years, and its latest news.
As part of the show *Ô la Belle Vie*, join Professor Gérald Chanques as he takes you on a journey to discover the inner workings of the world’s oldest medical school still in operation. Rabelais, Rondelet, and the school’s iconic locations will hold no more secrets for you. Blending art and technological innovation, the show will explore topics such as robotics and the work of ceramic artist Isabelle Doblas Coutaud, who depicts anatomy through her art. You’ll also have the chance to take a brief detour to the Jardin des Plantes with Cédric Matet, creator of the exhibition“L’Humain dans son Jardin.”
Ô la Belle Vie – Medicine in Montpellier: A True Art, produced by Grand Angle Production and France Télévisions.
Hosted by Sophie Jovillard. Aired on Sunday, January 30, 2022, and available for replay here.
To mark the 2021 European Heritage Days, the Faculty of Medicine’s Historic Building and Botanical Garden are opening their doors to the public for guided tours. Due to the current health situation, tours are available by advance reservation only. Find all the details in this article.
Start your weekend of culture and heritage with a visit to the Jardin des Plantes! On the agenda: explore the garden through various themes, guided by our passionate staff. Take this opportunity to rediscover the exhibition “L’Humain dans son Jardin” through guided tours led by photographer Cédric Matet! Learn more about the exhibition.
Due to the current health situation, tours are available by advance reservation only. You will also need to show your health pass to participate in the tours. To make a reservation, click below!
Meet at the entrance to Boulevard Henri IV (next to the French Red Cross)
The garden opens at 10 a.m.
Please note that only the Jardin des Plantes will be open to the public as part of the guided tours on Saturday, September 18. The historic building will be open only on Sunday…

After enjoying the garden’s picturesque paths, come back and visit us on Sunday, September 19, to explore the Faculty of Medicine in its historic building. Two unique tour routes, led by the faculty’s heritage experts, will be available:
Due to the current health situation, tours are available by advance reservation only. You will also need to show your health pass to participate in the tours. To make a reservation, click below!
You probably already know this: the Jardin des Plantes is a unique place in Montpellier to relax. But did you know that it’s also a place for discovery and exchange? The botanists and gardeners take this role to heart and organize numerous events throughout the year to help you discover the garden from this perspective. This is particularly true right now with“Summer Tours.”Finally, the Jardin des Plantes serves an educational purpose year-round—a mission that’s really taking off, reconnecting with its roots (teaching botany) while embracing modern objectives and tools. To reinforce this educational aspect, one of our staff members, Denis Nespoulous, has created interactive trails to let you discover the garden as you’ve never seen it before!
The trail known as “SMART BOTA” was created in 2018 for the Tela Botanica association’s introductory MOOC on botany.
This association, founded in 1999 and comprising a broad network of French-speaking botanists, aims to:
The “Connected Trails” are information sheets available to everyone and spread across several routes. They can be accessed via a QR code using a smartphone or tablet. These allow you to explore the garden’s treasures at your own pace. The four different routes are posted at the entrance to the Jardin des Plantes: simply follow the guide, or—if you prefer—lose yourself in the garden’s paths.
These botanical fact sheets provide a variety of information about the plant you scan, such as a description, its uses, and its habitat. It’s a fun and engaging way to learn more about the flora around us!
For now, there are five connected trails within the Jardin des Plantes. These may change over time thanks to your collaboration.
The SMART’BOTA Trail
The second connected trail at the Jardin des Plantes in Montpellier, and the first trail designed for educational purposes, it was created in 2018 for Tela Botanica’s introductory MOOC on botany of which Denis serves as the course coordinator. The course aims to introduce enthusiasts to botany. It features about sixty species and introduces you to the main plant families.
The SMART’PHARMA Trail
An extension of the first “SMART’BOTA” trail; this trail was created for students at the Montpellier School of Pharmacy. Indeed, a wide variety of plants can be used for therapeutic and medicinal purposes. This trail allows students students to combine the theoretical aspects of their courses with practical ones by directly observing the plants within the Garden. This educational trail is also accessible to everyone. It features approximately sixty plant species.
The "Remarkable Trees" Trail
This trail, created in 2014, is the oldest trail in the Jardin des Plantes. It allows you to discover all the secrets of the Jardin des Plantes’s tall trees. It’s also the only trail you can explore without your smartphone, as it features information panels, but feel free to scan the QR codes on the signs to unlock all the secrets of botany! This interactive trail features 25 tree species selected from among the garden’s most remarkable and oldest trees.
The HERBES FOLLES Trail
This trail, created for Tela Botanica’s “Herbes Folles” MOOC (the second edition is scheduled for this fall!), aims to help you rediscover these plants that are pejoratively referred to as “weeds.” They, too, have their benefits, and beyond their drawbacks—which we certainly don’t deny—they also play an important role in our environment. The wild herbs in the garden invite you to reflect on issues of biodiversity. This trail will help you see these “weeds” in a whole new light…
The " OBSERVATOIRE DES SAISONS" Trail
The last trail is somewhat unique, as it is part of a citizen science. Get involved in this CNRS program by observing the 12 species along the trail. Its goal is also to raise awareness about global warming by introducing us to phenology (the observation of periodic events, in this case involving plants). At the entrance to the Jardin des Plantes, you can ask for a specially designed form where you can record your observations. This data will help scientists better understand and monitor climate change and its associated challenges.
If you’d like to explore Montpellier’s Jardin des Plantes further using digital tools, you can download the SMART’ FLORE app on all your Android devices. The app offers:
As part of the 800th-anniversary celebrations, a photography exhibition will take place from July 10 to October 10. Curated by renowned photographer CédricMATET, it will be held at the Jardin des Plantes. In 2020, this photographer also curated the exhibition “Behind the Masks,” whichfeatures200 portraits of medical personnel.
The exhibition will take place at the Jardin des Plantes in Montpellier.
Henri IV Boulevard,
34000 Montpellier
This exhibition will take place from July 9 to October 10, 2021.
The Jardin des Plantes is open:
The title of the exhibition is fundamentally linked to itscontent. In fact, for this exhibition, the artist chose to work with anatomical specimens from the Faculty’s anatomy collection. To better understand his project, we interviewed the photographer.
What is your background?
I’m originally fromSète. I attended a design school in Montpellier that is now called ESMA. After that, I enrolled at the Gobelins School of Visual Arts in Paris. Later, I went back to school to earn a master’s degree in Urban Planning and Sustainable Development because I’m interested in cities. In the meantime, I’ve been working in art direction and design at various communications agencies.
What interests me is connecting art to the city, to maps, to cartography, and to people. In my view, an artist must be rooted in their context: urban, political, and human.
Can you tell us about the “Behind the Masks” project?
It was GéraldCHANQUES, a professor at the faculty and a doctor atSaint EloiHospital, who contacted me and proposed this project. I wanted to convey a vision ofwhat healthcare providers can be and the commitments they make.
How would you describe yourself?
If I had to define myself and my work, I would talk abouttransdisciplinarity. I am a photographer, but I’m also a visual artist; I enjoy working with various materials and collaborating with people from different fields.
Can you tell us about your new exhibition, “Man in His Garden”?
It’s been a while since I first thought of writing about the Jardin des Plantes, but I’ve always had a real passion for the anatomy museum I visited when I was a student. Being able to explore botany through the garden, but also to explore humanity and research on the human body—I think that’s fabulous. The project was a collaboration between the two of us, once again with ProfessorCHANQUES.
This project is interesting becauseit takes me out of my comfort zone;I usuallytake portraits, but that’s not the case here.
Furthermore, since all the rooms are designated as heritage sites, I have a special relationship with the curator. She’s the third subject of this project—I can’t work without her. Usually, I direct my model,but here I can’t because of the piece’s fragility—every movement must be carried out by the curator.
It’sinteresting becausethe artwork and the garden exist independently of me.
There are three of us working on this project: Jane, who creates digital art and is a videographer; Luc, who does motion design, among other things; and me, who works with visuals and handles the art direction for the whole project. None of us knows what the final result will be.
How did you choose the anatomical structures?
I first sought advice from ProfessorCHANQUES and the curators to find out which pieces are emblematic of the conservatory. I didn’t choose the pieces based on their aesthetic appeal, since the goal of this exhibition is to tell a story and convey meaning.
The only exception to this is a bust we found—no one knows the identity of the person depicted, its history, or the era it comes from. I found it fragile and touching, so I decided to include it. It’s the only piece I selected based on a gut feeling.
There are some pieces that,unfortunately, we were unable to include because of their fragility. I was also drawn to other pieces, but they didn’t depict the human body and therefore strayed from the subject. I’ll explore those later for another, more personal project.
Some pieces are also too heavy to move. However, that’s part of the exhibition’s story.
For some pieces that we couldn’t bring out to the Jardin des Plantes, we brought the Jardin to them by using branches and foliage.
For the past 10 years, the Jardin des Plantes has been organizing summer tours to help the general public learn more about our botanical garden. Check out the summer 2021 program.
Henri IV Boulevard,
34000 Montpellier
Free admission
No registrations
Please arrive 10 minutes before the tour begins
Update as of September 29, 2020 – The UM Thursdays events scheduled for October 6 and 8 have unfortunately been canceled due to the current health situation. Following their launch at the Arnaud de Villeneuve Campus in January, UM Thursdays are returning toward the end of 2020 for a series of new lectures on health. Attend the “UM Thursdays” sessions at the Faculty of Pharmacy campus as well as at the Orangerie in the Jardin des Plantes.
UM Thursdays are back in 2020! Open to the public, these lectures offer an opportunity to learn more about new technologies and teaching methods in health care, as well as to expand your knowledge of medicinal plants and aromatherapy! These are just some of the topics that will be covered throughout the year by faculty members from our university.
As far back as we can go in time, thanks to ancient manuscripts, the future of humanity seems to have always been closely linked to plants. The reputation of the earliest physicians (beginning with Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, 450 years B.C.) was most often built on their extensive knowledge of plants and the treatments they derived from them. Logically, then, the plants used to formulate these new remedies (“medicines” = “pharmakon”) were termed “medicinal.” But what remains of this historical and ancestral definition? What does it still mean to people today, and what is the significance of “medicinal plants” in 2020?
One event, two lectures! Learn more about the Jardin des Plantes, as well as plants and fragrances!
Due to the current health situation, everyone is required to wear a mask.
“There’s never a ‘first time’ with a patient” for a healthcare professional. Even though there’s always a first time, it’s important to prepare future healthcare professionals through scenario-based training—whether for technical procedures, interpersonal skills, interprofessional communication, or preparing for emergency situations where every action must be perfectly coordinated.
Inspired by aerospace standards, healthcare simulation platforms are an essential tool for developing the technical and interpersonal skills of future healthcare professionals, complementing clinical rotations with patients. This first edition of “UM Thursdays,” held as part of the Faculty of Medicine’s 800th-anniversary celebrations, offers an opportunity to explore these remarkable tools while touring the Arnaud de Villeneuve Health Campus and to gain insight into the challenges posed by these educational techniques, which remain fully aligned with the Faculty of Medicine’s philosophy of placing the human being at the center of its concerns.
Below is the schedule of today’s lectures, which will begin at 3:00 p.m. in the Rondelet Amphitheater!
Last week, we sat down with the Carabins Crocodiles Association to learn more about community life in Nîmes. Today, Gaël Gomez, president of the Montpellier music association, is taking part in a Q&A session!
Med’ley Montpellier Association is the music association based at the School of Medicine. Since last year, it has been open to all students in health-related programs (medicine, midwifery, pharmacy, dentistry, physical therapy, etc.). Above all, our goal is to bring music into these long and challenging courses of study. It also allows all these future healthcare professionals to interact with one another during our various events. It’s not just a club for musicians, but rather an opportunity for students to meet and connect in a musical setting.
The Med’ley association organizes a wide variety of events. First of all, we are fortunate to be able to bring joy to children in the hospital by performing in the pediatric wards at the Arnaud de Villeneuve and Gui de Chauliac University Hospitals.
In addition to our humanitarian efforts, we organize concerts at well-known bars in Montpellier, as well as Blind Test and karaoke nights—all with the goal of bringing everyone together through music.
In addition, for the past two years, our singing competition, the Med’ley Music Awards, has brought together singers from all academic disciplines at the University of Montpellier and other cities such as Toulouse and Nîmes. Held in the anatomy lecture hall, this competition draws more than 200 people each year, with a new feature introduced this year: our grand prize winner qualifies directly for the finals of the Coupe de France d’Interprétation. The winner also receives a studio recording session with our partner.
In addition, at the end of the academic year, we usually organize a large outdoor concert in the Jardin des Plantes, featuring food and drink stands; however, due to the current crisis, it could not take place.
Med’ley also allows musicians to perform at many other events, such as the Medicine Gala, the ACM’s Open Stages, and Heritage Days, among others.
Finally, throughout the year, we organize tutorials in our music room to help members learn an instrument, as well as jam sessions to bring musicians together.
The club gives health care students the chance to come together through music, regardless of their major, and take their minds off things. It allows people to connect and socialize in a much more fun setting—through music.
In addition, through our work in pediatrics, these future healthcare professionals can come to view the hospital differently—from a more entertaining perspective.

First of all, our members have free access to our music room in the historic building, where they can practice, rehearse, or use the instruments we provide.
They also have the opportunity to play at the CHU and perform at all the various events we’re involved in. But they can also simply come by to take advantage of our many special rates and have a good time enjoying the music.
Members who want to learn to play an instrument or get back into it can participate in our Med’ley Tutorials.
Finally, they'll be able to take advantage of discounts and special offers from our various partners.
Membership, which costs €5 for second-year students (DFGSM2, DFGSA2, etc.), €3 for PACES students and third-year students, and is free for students in higher years, can be purchased at any time of the year.
You can join during our office hours at the various colleges, before or during our events, or by contacting us through our social media channels.

The 2020–2021 executive board has already been selected and will take office after the General Assembly for the handover of duties, which will take place in early June. This motivated, promising board, brimming with new ideas, is sure to satisfy our future members, especially since it brings together four health-related fields…
In the meantime, you can follow us on social media right now:
Facebook: @MedleyMontpellierAssociation
Instagram: @medley.asso
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Privacy PolicySelf-guided tours are only available during public opening hours, specifically:
SUMMER HOURS
April 1 through September 30: 12:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m., except on Mondays.
WINTER SCHEDULE
October 1 through March 31: 11 a.m. to 6 p.m., except on Mondays.
This form is an informational document used to track group visits to the botanical garden. It also provides us with data needed to compile statistics on visitor numbers.

Marie-Anne GILLAIN was born in 1773 in Montreuil, near Versailles.
She was sent to boarding school with the Sisters of the Visitation.
During the Revolution, she took refuge in Etampes with a relative who was the mother superior of the Hospitalières de l’Hôtel-Dieu.
There she attended the surgeon’s lectures and served for two and a half years, from 1793 to 1796, as a hospital volunteer—that is, as a layperson who volunteered her services to the poor and sick.
In 1797, she returned to Versailles to marry Louis BOIVIN, deputy head of the National Domains office.
She became pregnant early on, but was suddenly widowed in 1798 at the age of 25, left without any means of support and with a young daughter to raise.
She then decided to put to use the knowledge she had gained from the surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu in Étampes and enrolled in the Midwifery School at the Maternity Hospital in 1799.
In 1800, she graduated and left for Versailles to be reunited with her daughter and pursue her career.
In 1801, following the death of her daughter, she obtained permission from Marie-Louise Lachapelle to return to the Maternity Hospice
In 1803, she was appointed chief supervisor of the breastfeeding section. She held this position for eleven years, until 1814. During this long tenure, she took the opportunity to attend the lectures of her patron, the surgeons at the Maternity Hospital (Baudelocque, then Dubois), and the chief physicians (Andry, and especially Chaussier), from whom she gathered observations and lessons.
In 1812, she wrote and published *A Treatise on the Art of Childbirth*. The work was approved by the Ministry of the Interior, which included it among the textbooks given to graduates of the Maternity School.
In 1814, the position of supervisor that she held was eliminated, and she was dismissed with a severance payment equal to her annual salary, or 360 francs.
Starting in October, she was hired as a storekeeper and steward at the Poissy General Hospital, a position she held until January 1819, when the General Hospital was converted into a prison.
Little is known about this period of her life: Did she continue her obstetric practice despite her new, more administrative duties? Did she do so at the general hospital? Or with a private clientele? In any case, for a time she appears to have earned a comfortable annual salary of 1,200 francs—almost as much as the head midwife at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1818, she entered the Paris Medical Society’s competition anonymously, submitting a paper on internal uterine hemorrhages. She was awarded the medal.
On February1, 1819, she joined the Maison Royale de Santé in Paris as chief supervising midwife, with a modest salary of 350 francs per year.
In 1821, an opportunity for promotion arose following the death of Marie-Louise Lachapelle.
According to procedure, the General Council of the Hospices must submit to the Minister of the Interior a list of five female candidates to succeed the renowned midwife.
On November 14, 1821, the Council voted to approve a list with Marie-Anne Boivin at the top; she received 12 out of 12 votes in the first round of voting to select the top candidate.
A month and a half later, the Minister of the Interior endorsed the Council’s decision.
But the winner declined the position (or rather, resigned), forcing the board to propose another list. Why the refusal? All contemporary biographers attribute this decision to a public promise Marie-Anne Boivin is said to have made to her former patron never to replace her, even after her death. If that is the case, she kept her word, and another midwife, Madeleine Catherine Legrand, was appointed in 1822.
Marie-Anne Boivin therefore continued to practice at the Maison Royale de Santé, where she accumulated observations, publications, and honors.
In 1828, she presented a paper on spontaneous abortions, which was awarded a prize by the Bordeaux Medical Society.
In September 1835, at the age of 62, worn out and exhausted, she retired and urged the hospice board to grant her a pension. Finally, after suffering a first stroke that left her hemiplegic, she died in May 1841.
In 1902, one of the rooms in the renovated maternity ward was named after Marie-Anne Boivin.

She was born in 1563 on Boulevard Saint-Germain or in Mons to a family of doctors.
In 1594, she married Martin BOURSIER, a master surgeon and student of Ambroise PARÉ.
She finds herself without any means of support when her husband is enlisted in the king's army.
She quickly gained a reputation among the ladies of the court and delivered the queen's children six times.
She is paid 500 crowns for the birth of a boy and 300 for the birth of a girl.
It lost its prominence following the death of Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, wife of Gaston d’Orléans, at the time of the birth of the Grande Mademoiselle.
According to the surgeons who performed the autopsy on the woman who had given birth, her death was attributed to placental debris remaining in the uterus, and Louise Bourgeois was subsequently accused of negligence.
At that time, there were few male obstetricians practicing, and they were trying to gain the upper hand over the midwives' guild.
Louise questions their competence by harshly criticizing the autopsy findings and the skills of the obstetricians; however, her response has the opposite effect of what she intended, as it ends up giving them publicity.
She was the first midwife to write a book on obstetrics, *Various Observations on Infertility, Miscarriage, Fertility, Childbirth, and Diseases of Women and Newborns*, published in 1609.
In this book, she points out that infertility in a couple can be caused by the man, even though—like the doctors of that era—she confuses the ability to procreate with sexual vigor.
She identified the role of malnutrition in fetal health, and she was the first to prescribe iron supplements to treat anemia.
She emphasizes the importance of anatomical knowledge for midwives and urges doctors to allow them to attend lectures and dissection sessions.
In 1636, the Parisian midwives submitted a petition to the Faculty of Medicine requesting that Louise Bourgeois be allowed to teach them obstetrics, but their request was denied.
Subsequently, however, one of her students, Marguerite du Tertre de la Marche, was appointed head of the midwives at the Hôtel-Dieu and succeeded in overhauling their training program.
She died on December 20, 1636, on Boulevard Saint-Germain at the age of 73.

He was born on November 30, 1745, in Heilly, Picardy.
He was the son of Jean Baptiste BAUDELOCQUE, a surgeon, and Anne Marguerite LEVASSEUR. His brothers Félix Honoré (1744–1794) and Jean Baptiste (1749–1800) were both doctors. He was the third of ten children.
It was his father who introduced him to surgery in the countryside of Picardy.
He completed his studies in Paris at the Hôpital de la Charité, where a renowned professor of obstetrics, Solayrès de Renhac (1737–1772), was on staff.
In 1772, following Solayrès’s untimely death at the age of 35, he collected the manuscripts of his lectures and succeeded him as professor of obstetrics at the Hôpital de la Charité. Thanks to Baudelocque, Solayrès’s work was saved from oblivion.
In 1775, at the initiative of Augier du FOT, a surgeon and childbirth instructor in Soissons, he published—based on manuscripts bequeathed by Solayrès de RENHAC—the first edition of a manual intended for the training of midwives. This work was later republished under his name alone, under the title“Principles of the Art of Childbirth: Questions and Answers for Student Midwives.” It was reprinted three times during Baudelocque’s lifetime and three more times posthumously.
In 1776, following the defense of his dissertation on symphysotomy, titled“An in partu propter angustiam pelvis impossibili, symphysis ossium secanda?”, he was appointed surgeon at the Hôpital de la Charité in Paris and was awarded the title of Master of Surgery by the Paris College of Surgery.
On April 5 or 6, 1777, in Paris, he married Andrée DERULLIER (née de Vulier, de Voulier, de Rullie, or de Rouillier), whose family made mannequins of pregnant women for demonstrations in childbirth classes; she died on January 4, 1787, childless.
In 1781 and 1789, he published the first two editions of his scholarly treatise*The Art of Childbirth* in two volumes. He became famous for his forceps, his practice of cesarean sections, and the invention of the pelvimeter, which measures the external anteroposterior diameter to identify patients who might experience difficulties during childbirth.
On September 14, 1788, in Amiens, he married Marie Catherine Rose Laurent; the couple had five children (three daughters and two sons).
During the French Revolution, the guilds and faculties were abolished. Hospitals lost some of their staff and funding. Baudelocque, however, managed to build a reputation as an obstetrician thanks to a clientele in the city and private obstetrics classes.
In 1794, the former Faculty of Medicine was replaced by the École centrale de Santé de Paris, where he was responsible for teaching medical students and midwives.
In October 1795, the Hospice de la Maternité took in poor women and unwed mothers to assist them during childbirth and provided clinical training for midwives and doctors from the École de Santé.
In addition, this facility also takes in abandoned children.
In 1798, Baudelocque, in addition to his position as professor of obstetrics at the Paris School of Public Health, became chief surgeon at the Maternity Hospital.
In 1802, the Hospice de la Maternité school was founded, where Baudelocque put his teaching skills to use, employing mannequins to allow students to practice examinations and obstetric procedures. He emphasized observation over active intervention, preferring to let nature take its course and using instruments as little as possible.
Busy with his many responsibilities, he delegated part of his authority to the head midwife of the Maternity Ward, Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1769–1821), who took on part of the training of the midwifery students and was authorized to use forceps on her own in the event of a difficult delivery.
He was involved in a high-profile lawsuit brought against him by an obstetrician, Jean François SACOMBE, a fierce opponent of cesarean sections and a defender of traditional midwifery practices. Sacombe, who had set himself up as a defender of midwives and accused Baudelocque of infanticide, ultimately lost his case in 1804 and, in the process, any sense of proportion.
In 1806, Napoleon appointed Jean-Louis Baudelocque to the chair of obstetrics, the first medical specialty chair in France.
He became the obstetrician to the queens of Spain, Holland, and Naples, as well as to all the ladies of the court.
He had been chosen and selected in advance to deliver the heir awaited by Napoleon and Empress Marie-Louise of Austria. But, struck down by a cerebral hemorrhage, he would not live to see the birth of the King of Rome.
He died on May 2 or 3, 1810, at 16 Rue Jacob in Paris (6th arrondissement), where he lived, at the age of 65.
He was buried at the Vaugirard West Cemetery, then exhumed due to land acquisition for the construction of what is now Boulevard Pasteur.
He was then buried on August 17, 1839, at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (45thdivision).
He was the most famous obstetrician of his time.
A physician at the Hôpital des Enfants Malades, he would lend his name to the Baudelocque Clinic in 1890.
In 1966, the Port-Royal Maternity Hospital was built. The two facilities merged in 1993 (14th arrondissement of Paris).
There is now a midwifery school on Avenue Denfert-Rochereau that bears her name.

He was born on July 2, 1746, in Dijon, in the parish of Saint Pierre.
His father was a master glazier.
After completing his training at the Dijon hospital, his mother sent him to Paris to continue his medical studies, and he enrolled at the Royal College of Surgery, where he attended classes regularly from 1765 to 1767 and took anatomy courses taught by Raphaël SABATIER and Jean-Joseph SUE.
At the same time, he was learning the basics of surgery at Lafaye’s clinics and, in the afternoons, at those of Isaac GOURSAUD.
His years of surgical training came to an end in 1768, when he earned the title of Master of Surgery; he then settled in Dijon as a surgeon
He married Jeanne CARRE, the daughter and granddaughter of a master surgeon, on July 27, 1767, in Quetigny, Côte d’Or. Together they had a son, Bernard François Hector (1769–1837).
In 1769, he began teaching a free course in human and comparative anatomy, which was attended by many students for more than ten years.
In 1774, the Estates of Burgundy established a chemistry program with Louis-Bernard GUYTON de MORVEAU as the full professor and Hugues MARET and François CHAUSSIER as assistant professors. Upon MARET’s death in 1786, he was promoted to second professor of chemistry.
In Dijon, his professional qualities earned him the favor of his patients, and his reputation quickly spread beyond Burgundy; he distinguished himself at the Academy of Surgery through several presentations, and as a result, he was awarded the Academy’s Gold Medal at the public session on April 10, 1777.
He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Besançon on January 14, 1780, and in 1784, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Society of Medicine. That same year, he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Literature in Dijon, where he became secretary-general following the retirement of Guyton de Morveau.
In 1785, at the request of the Estates of Burgundy, he published a popular guide on the treatment of bites from rabid animals: “Method for Treating Bites from Rabid Animals and Vipers; Followed by a Summary on the Malignant Pustule” (with Joseph Enaux, 1726–1798).
In 1789, he published a study on the muscles of the human body, in which he proposed a more rational classification than the one taught up to that point: “A Brief Overview of the Muscles of the Human Body According to the Methodical Classification and Nomenclature Adopted in the Public Anatomy Course at Dijon”; this work was reprinted in 1797.
On December 20, 1789, he read a paper titled “Surgical-Forensic Observations on an Important Point of Criminal Jurisprudence” at the Academy of Dijon, in which he demonstrated the role that a physician could play in assisting the justice system; this work attracted attention, and the following year he launched a course in forensic medicine in Dijon.
On 3 Nivôse, Year III (December 23, 1794), he married Angélique LABOREY in Dijon (Crébillon District); they also had a son, Franck Bernard Simon (1804–1866).
In 1794, Antoine-François Fourcroy was tasked by the National Convention with reorganizing medical education and sought out a figure who could provide him with the details of this reorganization. Claude-Antoine Prieur-Duvernois, from the Côte-d’Or, who headed the Department of Science and the Arts on the Committee of Public Safety, recommended François Chaussier, who thus joined the Committee of Public Instruction: he drafted a report and a proposed decree, which he read from the rostrum of the Convention on 7 Frimaire, Year III (November 27, 1794); In it, he proposed the creation of a single “Central School of Health” in Paris; the members of the Convention, who were broadly in favor of decentralization, called for the creation of other similar schools in Montpellier and Strasbourg, and it was on this basis that the report was adopted on 14 Frimaire (December 4).
Chaussier returned to Dijon, where he resumed his lectures and studies as well as the duties entrusted to him: he had been appointed physician of the Dijon Hospices in April 1793 and Prison Surgeon; he did not remain there long, however, as he was recalled to Paris to occupy the chair of anatomy and physiology at the School of Health. Chaussier was, in the words of Joseph-Henri Réveillé-Parise, the most famous professor of physiology at the École de Paris: he argued that vitalism was the foundation of all studies in physiology.
A decree dated 7 Vendémiaire, Year III (September 28, 1794) officially established the École Centrale des Travaux Publics, which would later become the École Polytechnique, the Board of Directors proposed, less than a month after the school opened, to establish an infirmary there and to appoint a “health officer” (the revolutionary term for doctors) to care for sick students and also to teach lessons on “the art of preventing and alleviating diseases.” The roster of École Polytechnique staff for the following year lists him as an assistant to Claude Louis Berthollet, “simultaneously responsible for the courses in Zootechnics and Public Health, and School Physician”: in fact, he taught Berthollet’s course during the latter’s absence in Italy in 1796–1797. After the formalization of chemistry instruction, Chaussier appears to have abandoned teaching this science and confined himself almost entirely to his duties as a physician.
In 1799, *Les tables synoptiques* was published to great acclaim. It provides a summary of the physiology, pathology, and treatment of the various anatomical systems of the human body.
On May 9, 1804, he was appointed Physician of the Maternity Hospitals and entrusted with the chairmanship of the medical examination boards for the examinations to become a Public Health Officer, Pharmacist, and Midwife for the district of the Paris Faculty of Medicine.
He was a member of the commission appointed by the Minister of the Interior in October 1810 to study “secret remedies”; there he worked alongside André Marie Constant Duméril, Jean-Joseph Menuret, and Nicolas Deyeux.
In 1815, after the fall of the First Empire, he was replaced as physician at the École Polytechnique, but he retained his chair at the Faculty until November 21, 1822, when the Restoration reorganized the Faculty: he was appointed honorary professor and his chair was revoked. He was deeply embittered by this, and the next day, he suffered a stroke that temporarily left him unable to speak or walk. He recovered, however, though he remained hemiplegic—a condition that did not prevent him from continuing his work at the Maternity Hospital.
On May 6, 1823, he was admitted tothe Academy of Sciences.
Between 1824 and 1827, he published several works on forensic medicine: “Forensic Manual of Poisons, Preceded by Considerations on Poisoning”14, “Collection of Papers, Consultations, and Reports on Various Topics in Forensic Medicine”15, “A Forensic Medical Treatise on the Viability of the Newborn, Presented toHis Excellency the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice”16
François Chaussier died at his home in Paris on June 19, 1828, at the age of 81, from a stroke.
He was buried at Père-Lachaise Cemetery (18th division) on June 21: Nicolas-Philibert Adelon delivered a speech on behalf of the Academy; Marie-Alexandre Désormaux, representing the Faculty, did the same; and Duméril, on behalf of the Royal Academy of Sciences, read a lengthy eulogy.
Franck CHAUSSIER, thesecond son, followed in his father's footsteps and defended his doctoral dissertation in 1827 in Montpellier.
He is a French physician, a professor at the Paris Faculty of Medicine, and a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine and the Academy of Sciences.
Chaussier was the chief editor of the articles on pharmacy inthe *Encyclopédie méthodique*13.

She was born in 1712 in Clermont-Ferrand to a family of doctors.
For the first three years, she studied under Anne BAIRSIN, a midwife.
On September 26, 1739, she received her diploma and shortly thereafter became a licensed midwife.
She worked as a master midwife at Châtelet in Paris for sixteen years.
In 1752, to put theory into practice, she published a book titled *A Summary of the Art of Childbirth*.
In 1754, she returned to Auvergne and began giving free lessons.
In 1758, she designed her famous demonstration “machine” (made of wood, cardboard, fabric, and cotton), which was approved on December1 by the Academy of Surgery.
During the two-month training course, the students were encouraged to practice on the mannequin.
She died on April 16, 1794, at the age of 79, in Bordeaux, in poverty and solitude, with her niece and her husband absent. There is a Rue Angélique du Coudray in Thorigné-Fouillard and also a Rue Madame-du-Coudray in Clermont-Ferrand, her hometown. The maternity ward at the Melun Hospital (77) is also named after her.
